Cambios emocionales y comportamentales de adolescentes y adultos colombianos durante el confinamiento por COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6322Palabras clave:
COVID-19, salud mental, hábitos, cambios de estilo de vida, cuarentena, etapas del desarrolloResumen
Objetivo: la pandemia por COVID-19 implicó un cambio en el orden global. Teniendo en cuenta las repercusiones en la vida cotidiana de las estrategias de contención del virus, este estudio evaluó los cambios comportamentales y la afectación emocional de adolescentes y adultos colombianos durante la cuarentena obligatoria asociada a la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con una muestra de 243 colombianos (edad: M=38.05, DE= 17.74), quienes contestaron un cuestionario online sobre la percepción de variaciones en hábitos y aspectos de la vida cotidiana durante la cuarentena. Adicionalmente, a 63 de ellos se les aplicó la entrevista diagnóstica MINI para evaluar la presencia de afectación emocional. Resultados: Alrededor de la mitad de la muestra reportó que durante la cuarentena disminuyeron sus ingresos económicos y su actividad física, mientras que se incrementaron su apetito, preocupación por la salud y uso de redes sociales. Respecto a la afectación emocional, 14.3% presentó síntomas de depresión mayor, 17.5% de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada, 7.9% de trastorno de pánico y 6.3% de fobia social. Además, el 11.1% presentó pensamientos de muerte, mientras que 23.8% pensamientos obsesivos. Conclusión: los participantes reportaron que, durante el confinamiento asociado a la pandemia por COVID-19 en Colombia, y en comparación con la vida cotidiana previa a este evento, percibieron un aumento en el uso de redes sociales, una disminución en la actividad física, y mayor prevalencia de sintomatología emocional y afectaciones al bienestar general.
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