Experiencia de cuidado en enfermería: Paciente con síntomas respiratorios por SARS-CoV-2 en un servicio de urgencias
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Atención de enfermería, servicio de urgencia en hospital, infecciones por coronavirusResumen
El Coronavirus del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo 2 (SARS-CoV-2) es causante de la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Se trata de una infección que tiene un espectro amplio de síntomas, los principales son fiebre, tos, disnea, linfopenia y hallazgos en las imágenes de tórax compatibles con neumonía. La teoría del manejo de los síntomas propone intervenciones de enfermería para el manejo de los síntomas y así reducir la frecuencia de estos, disminuir su severidad o aliviar la angustia asociada a ellos. Este artículo presenta una situación de cuidado de un paciente que acudió al servicio de urgencias con síntomas asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, disnea grado II, astenia, temperatura 38.3 ºC, taquipnea 26 respiraciones por minuto, tos seca y ansiedad; fue diagnosticado con deterioro del intercambio de gases, patrón respiratorio ineficaz y ansiedad. Las intervenciones de enfermería fueron monitorización respiratoria, oxigenoterapia, intubación y estabilización de la vía aérea, manejo de la ventilación mecánica invasiva, ayuda a la ventilación y disminución de la ansiedad. Pese a los cuidados brindados de acuerdo con la evidencia disponible, el paciente se empeoró de sus síntomas y fue necesario dar soporte ventilatorio invasivo.
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