"Competencia cultural": revisión de la literatura sobre el cuidado ofrecido a inmigrantes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6618Palabras clave:
competencia cultural, inmigración, servicios para inmigrantes, refugiados, migrantes, salud, trabajadores de la salud, asistencia social, cuidadoResumen
La cultura constituye el entorno en el cual un sujeto se desarrolla y establece relación con los otros y con el mundo. Es a través de aspectos culturales específicos que el sufrimiento y el dolor se manifiestan y son comunicados, por lo tanto, es fundamental considerar la cultura en el contexto del cuidado de la salud. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar una revisión integradora realizada en la literatura científica publicada entre 2009 y 2019 sobre la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud y/o asistencia social sobre la atención brindada a los inmigrantes. Fueron seleccionados 73 artículos como resultado de investigaciones realizadas en portugués, español e inglés en cinco bases de datos electrónicas (Scielo, PsycINFO, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud [BVS], Web of Science y Scopus). Los principales resultados de los artículos se organizaron en cuatro categorías de análisis: 1) barreras y facilitadores en la atención a inmigrantes y refugiados, 2) estrategias adoptadas por profesionales en la atención a inmigrantes, 3) organización del sistema de salud e incentivos gubernamentales, y 4) cuestiones sociopolíticas que interfieren en el servicio. Se evidenció que la calidad de la atención no depende sólo de la relación profesional-inmigrante, ya que factores organizacionales y macro-políticos influyen en las posibilidades del proceso de atención. Ante las barreras encontradas, los profesionales crearon estrategias individuales y/o con sus equipos para calificar los servicios. Se destacó como principal recomendación de los estudios analizados la necesidad de implementar prácticas de descentramiento cultural en la formación profesional en diferentes áreas y desarrollar la competencia cultural tanto de los profesionales como de los servicios de salud.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Júlia de Souza-Lopes, Gustavo da Silva Machado, Lucienne Martins-Borges
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 18 de 2022. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
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