Funcionamento familiar e dependência da internet em adolescentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.5900Palavras-chave:
funcionamento familiar, dependência da internet, uso de internet, adolescentesResumo
O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal explorar de que forma variáveis do funcionamento familiar se relacionam com a dependência da internet. A amostra final foi constituída por 568 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e 18 anos, que frequentam o Ensino Secundário, num distrito da região Norte de Portugal. Foi usado um Questionário Sociodemográfico, o Internet Addiction Test (IAT) e o Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation (SCORE-15). Verificou-se que 73.1% dos participantes apresentaram dependência leve a moderada, mas não foram encontradas diferenças na dependência da internet entre o sexo masculino e o feminino. Por outro lado, verificaram-se diferenças a nível de funcionamento familiar, sendo que o sexo masculino apresentou, ligeiramente, mais dificuldades na comunicação na família e dificuldades familiares. Observaram-se diferenças entre os grupos em estudo (utilizadores normais, utilizadores com dependência leve e utilizadores com dependência moderada) em todas as dimensões do funcionamento familiar. Para além disso, foi possível observar associações positivas entre as dimensões do funcionamento familiar e a dependência da internet. Por fim, verificou-se que a comunicação na família foi a única variável do funcionamento familiar que apresentou um papel preditor na dependência da internet. Portanto, as dificuldades no funcionamento familiar, sobretudo na comunicação na família, parecem apresentar um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da dependência da internet, sendo que se considera importante o desenvolvimento de ações preventivas, com vista a promoção do funcionamento familiar saudável, assim como do uso saudável da internet.
Downloads
Referências
Afrin, D., Islam, M.-U., Rabbiand, F., & Hossain, A. (2017). The school-level factors associated with internet addiction among adolescents: Across-sectional study in Bangladesh. Journal of Addiction and Dependence, 3(2), 170-174. https://doi.org/10.15436/2471-061X.17.1686
Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and problematic internet use: A systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430-454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
Balbinotti, M. A. A., & Barbosa, M. L. L. (2008). Análise da consistência interna e fatorial confirmatório do IMPRAFE-126 com praticantes de atividades físicas gaúchos. PsicoUSF, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712008000100002
Ballarotto, G., Volpi, B., Marzilli, E., & Tambelli, R. (2018). Adolescent internet abuse: A study on the role of attachment to parents and peers in a large community sample. BioMed Research Internacional, 2018(14), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5769250
Bhumika, A., & Singh, S. (2018). Internet addiction, family communication pattern and perceived social support among adolescents. Periodic Research, 7(1), 229-232.
Boubeta, A. R., Ferreiro, S. G., Salgado, P. G., & Couto, C. B. (2015). Variables asociadas al uso problemático de internet entre adolescentes. Health and Addictions, 15(1), 25-38. https://doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v15i1.223
Carochinho, J.-A., & Lopes, M. I. (2016). A dependência à internet nos jovens de uma escola de cariz militar. Revista de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente, 7(1-2), 489-507.
Carvalho, J., Francisco, R., & Relvas, A. P. (2017). ICTs and family functioning: A study on Portuguese families with adolescents and emerging adults. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39, 281-288. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9436-8
Carvalho, J., Francisco, R., & Relvas, A. P. (2019). e-Famílias: O impacto das TIC na vida contemporânea de famílias com crianças. In R. Brito, & P. Dias, Crianças, famílias e tecnologias. Que desafios? Que caminhos? (pp. 184-197). Lisboa: CIED (Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais).
Casaló, L. V., & Escario, J.-J. (2019). Predictors of excessive internet use among adolescents in Spain: The relevance of the relationship between parents and their children. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.042
Castrillón, J. J. C., & Cala, M. L. P. (2019). Funcionalidad familiar y tendencias adictivas a internet y a sustancias psicoativas en estudantes universitarios. Psicología desde el Caribe, 36(2), 177-206.
Chang, F.-C., Chiu, C.-H., Miao, N.-F., Chen, P.-H., Lee, C.-M., Chiang, J.-T., & Pan, Y.-C. (2015). The relationship between parental mediation and internet addiction among adolescents, and the association with cyberbullying and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 57, 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.013
Chen, Y., Kang, Y., Gong, W., He, L., Jin, Y., Zhu, X., & Yao, Y. (2016). Investigation on internet addiction disorder in adolescents in Anhui, people’s Republic of China. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2016(12), 2233-2236. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S110156
Chi, X., Hong, X., & Chen, X. (2020). Profiles and sociodemographic correlates of internet addiction in early adolescents in southern China. Addictive Behavior, 106, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106385
Chou, C., & Lee, Y.-H. (2017). The moderating effects of internet parenting styles on the relationship between internet parenting behavior, internet expectancy, and internet addiction tendency. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 26, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-017-0334-5
Chung, T. W. H., Sum, S. M. Y., & Chan, M. W. L. (2019). Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, psychosocial correlates, and prevention. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64(6), S34-S43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.12.016
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2 ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
Costa, R. M., & Patrão, I. (2016). As relações amorosas e a internet: Dentro e fora da rede. In I. Patrão, & D. Sampaio, Dependências online: O poder das tecnologias (pp. 117-132). Lisboa: PACTOR.
Costa, R. M., Patrão, I., & Machado, M. (2018). Problematic internet use and feelings of loneliness. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 23(2), 160-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2018.1539180
Cruz, F. A. D., Scatena, A., Andrade, A. L. M., & Micheli, D. (2018). Evaluation of internet addiction and the quality of life of Brazilian adolescents from public and private schools. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35(2), 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000200008
Ding, Q., Li, D., Zhou, Y., Dong, H., & Luo, J. (2017). Perceived parental monitoring and adolescent internet addiction: A moderated mediation model. Addictive Behaviors, 74, 48-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.033
Dogan, H., Bozgeyikli, H., & Bozdas, C. (2015). Perceived parenting styles as predictor of internet addiction in adolescence. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 1(2), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.21890/ijres.87952
Dufour, M., Brunelle, N., Khazaal, Y., Tremblay, J., Leclerc, D., Cousineau, M.-M., . . . Berbiche, D. (2017). Gender difference in online activities that determine problematic internet use. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 27(3), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcc.2017.05.002
Durkee, T., Carli, V., Floderus, B., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., . . . Wasserman, D. (2016). Pathological internet use and risk-behaviors among European adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030294
Durkee, T., Kaess, M., Carli, V., Parzer, P., Wasserman, C., Floderus, B., . . . Wasserman, D. (2012). Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: Demographic and social factors. Addiction, 107(12), 2210-2222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03946.x
El Asam, A., Samara, M., & Terry, P. (2019). Problematic internet use and mental health among British children and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 90, 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.007
Fernandes, B., Maia, B. R., & Pontes, H. M. (2019). Adição à internet ou uso problemático da internet? Qual dos termos usar? Psicologia USP, 30(e190020), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6564e190020
Ferreira, C., Ferreira, H., Vieira, M. J., Costeira, M., Branco, L., Dias, Â., & Macedo, L. (2017). Epidemiologia do uso de internet numa população adolescente e sua relação com hábitos de sono. Revista Científica da Ordem dos Médicos, 30(7-8), 524-533. https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.8205
Ferreira, L. A., Relva, I. C., & Fernandes, O. M. (2018). Adição à internet: Relação com a sintomatologia psicopatológica. PsychTech & Health Journal, 1(2), 24-37. https://doi.org/10.26580/PTHJ.art7.2018
Habibi, A., Danesh, P., & Mazandarani, M. J. Z. (2015). The relationship of family function with internet addiction among girl high school students in Malard. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 215-222. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s3p215
Jorgenson, A. G., Hsiao, R. C.-J., & Yen, C.-F. (2016). Internet addiction and other behavioral addictions. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(3), 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2016.03.004
Karaer, Y., & Akdemir, D. (2019). Parenting styles, perceived social support and emotion regulation in adolescents with internet addiction. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 92, 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.03.003
Kardefelt-Winther, D. (2014). A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 351-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.059
Ko, C.-H., Wang, P.-W., Liu, T.-L., Yen, C.-F., Chen, C.-S., & Yen, J.-Y. (2015). Bidirectional associations between family factors and internet addiction among adolescents in a prospective investigation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 69(4), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12204
Ko, C.-H., Yen, J.-Y., Yen, C.-F., Lin, H.-C., & Yang, H.-J. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: A prospective study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(4), 545-551. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9992
Kurniasanti, K. S., Assandi, P., Ismail, R. I., Nasrun, M. W. S., & Wiguna, T. (2019). Internet addiction: A new addiction? Medical Journal of Indonesia, 28(1), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.v28i1.2752
Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Internet addiction in psychotherapy. United Kingdom, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137465078.0001
Lee, J.-Y., Kim, S.-Y., Bae, K.-Y., Kim, J.-M., Shin, I.-S., Yoon, J.-S., & Kim, S.-W. (2017). Prevalence and risk factors for problematic internet use among rural adolescents in Korea. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 10(2), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12310
Li, C., Dang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, Q., & Guo, J. (2014). Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: The effect of parental behavior and self-control. Computers in Human Behavior, 41, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.09.001
Li, J., Li, D., Jia, J., Li, X., Wang, Y., & Li, Y. (2018). Family functioning and internet addiction among adolescent males and females: A moderated mediation analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 289-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.032
Li, L., Bai, L., Zhang, X., & Chen, Y. (2018). Family functioning during adolescence: The roles of paternal and maternal emotion dysregulation and parent-adolescent relationships. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(4), 1311-1323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0968-1
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in internet addiction among Chinese youth: A review of English- and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31(1), 393-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
Li, Y., Wang, Y., Ren, Z., Gao, M., Liu, Q., Qiu, C., & Zhang, W. (2020). The influence of environmental pressure on internet use disorder in adolescents: The potential mediating role of cognitive function. Addictive Behaviors, 101(105976), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.034
Liu, Q., Lin, Y., Zhou, Z., & Zhang, W. (2019). Perceived parent-adolescent communication and pathological internet use among Chinese adolescents: A moderated mediation model. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 1571-1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01376-x
Liu, Q.-Q., Yang, X.-J., Hu, Y.-T., Zhang, C.-Y., & Nie, Y.-G. (2020). How and when is family dysfunction associated with adolescent mobile phone addiction? Testing a moderated mediation model. Children and Youth Services Review, 111, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104827
Liu, Q.-X., Fang, X.-Y., Deng, L.-Y., & Zhang, J.-T. (2012). Parent-adolescent communication, parental internet use and internet-specific norms and pathological internet use among Chinese adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1269-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.010
Liu, Q.-X., Fang, X.-Y., Zhou, Z.-K., Zhang, J.-T., & Deng, L.-Y. (2013). Perceived parent-adolescent relationship, perceived parental online behaviors and pathological internet use among adolescents: Gender-specific differences. PLOS ONE, 8(9). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075642
Lopes, R. S., Patrão, I., & Gouveia, M. J. (2018). Perceção de tempo online: Revisão de literatura. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 19(1), 151-156. https://doi.org/10.15309/18psd190122
Lu, L., Xu, D.-D., Liu, H.-Z., Zhang, L., Ng, C. H., Ungvari, G. S., . . . Xiang, Y.-T. (2018). Internet addiction in Tibetan and Han Chinese middle school students: Prevalence, demographics and quality of life. Psychiatry Research, 268, 131-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.005
Marín, J. M. (2007). Función y disfunción familiar. FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria, 14(5), 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1134-2072(07)74022-7
Marôco, J. (2018). Análise estatística com o SPSS statistics (7 ed.). Pêro Pinheiro: ReportNumber Análise e Gestão de Informação.
Martins, M. V., Formiga, A., Santos, C., Sousa, D., Resende, C., Campos, R., . . . Ferreira, S. (2019). Adolescent internet addiction – role of parental control and adolescent behaviours. International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.12.003
Matejevic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Ilic, M. (2015). Patterns of family functioning and parenting style of adolescents with depressive reactions. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.460
Mihajlov, M., & Vejmelka, L. (2017). Internet addiction: A review of the first twenty years. Psychiatria Danubina, 29(3), 260-272. https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2017.260
Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., & Wells, M. (2013). Testing the Index of Problematic Online Experiences (I-POE) with a national sample of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1153-1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.09.004
Nakayama, H., Mihara, S., & Higuchi, S. (2017). Treatment and risk factors of internet use disorders. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 71(7), 492-505. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12493
Pace, U., Zappulla, C., Guzzo, G., Di Maggio, R., Laudani, C., & Cacioppo, M. (2014). Internet addiction, temperament, and the moderator role of family emotional involvement. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 12(1), 52-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-013-9468-8
Pallant, J. (2005). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. Australia: Allen & Unwin.
Papalia, D. E., & Feldman, R. D. (2013). Desenvolvimento humano (12 ed.). Porto Alegre: AMGH Editora Ltda.
Park, S. K., Kim, J. Y., & Cho, C. B. (2008). Prevalence of internet addiction and correlations with family factors among south Korean adolescents. Adolescence, 43(172), 895-909.
Patrão, I. (2016). #GeraçãoCordão: A geração que não desliga! Lisboa: PACTOR.
Patrão, I., & Hubert, P. (2016). Os comportamentos e as preferências online dos jovens portugueses: O jogo online e as redes sociais. In I. Patrão, & D. Sampaio, Dependências online: O poder das tecnologias (pp. 97-116). Lisboa: PACTOR.
Patrão, I., Reis, J., Gonçalves, J., Moura, B., Abreu, C. N., & Sampaio, D. (2016). Intervenção clínica nas dependências online. In I.
Patrão, & D. Sampaio, Dependências online: O poder das tecnologias (pp. 169-186). Lisboa: PACTOR.
Patrão, I., Reis, J., Madeira, L., Paulino, M. C. S., Barandas, R., Sampaio, D., . . . Carmenates, S. (2016). Avaliação e intervenção terapêutica na utilização problemática da internet (UPI) em jovens: Revisão da literatura. Revista de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente, 7(1-2), 221-243.
Pellerone, M., Ramaci, T., & Heshmati, R. (2019). Psychology and psychopathology of the mask. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/2019.7.2237
Pontes, H. M., Griffiths, M. D., & Patrão, I. M. (2014a). Internet addiction and loneliness among children and adolescents in the education setting: An empirical pilot study. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport, 32(1), 91-98.
Pontes, H. M., Patrão, I. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014b). Portuguese validation of the Internet Addiction Test: An empirical study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(2), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.2.4
PORDATA. (2019a). Indivíduos com 16 e mais anos que utilizam computador e internet em % do total de indivíduos: Por grupo etário – Portugal. Retirado de: https://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/Indiv%C3%ADduos+com+16+e+mais+anos+que+utilizam+computador+e+Internet+em+percentagem+do+total+de+indiv%C3%ADduos+por+grupo+etário-1139
PORDATA. (2019b). Indivíduos com 16 e mais anos que utilizam computador e internet em % do total de indivíduos: Por sexo – Portugal. Retirado de: https://www.pordata.pt/Portugal/Indiv%C3%ADduos+com+16+e+mais+anos+que+utilizam+computador+e+Internet+em+percentagem+do+total+de+indiv%C3%ADduos+por+sexo-1142
Rengifo, C. A., Ferrúa, L. M., & Quiro, W. V. (2015). Funcionamiento familiar y adicción a internet en estudiantes de uma institución educativa pública de Lima Norte. Revista Científica de Ciencias de la Salud, 8(2), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.17162/rccs.v8i2.467
Rueda, D. R. A., Chávez, P. C. & Estrella, J. E. G. (2017). Prevalencia de adicción a internet y su relación con disfunción familiar en adolescentes. Revista Clínica de Medicina de Familia, 10(3), 179-186.
Shek, D. T. L., & Yu, L. (2016). Adolescent internet addiction in Hong Kong: Prevalence, change, and correlates. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, 29(1), S22-S30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2015.10.005
Shek, D. T. L., Yu, L., & Sun, R. C. F. (2016). Internet addiction. In D. W. Pfaff, & N. D. Volkow, Neuroscience in the 21st century (pp. 3707-3750). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3474-4_108
Shek, D. T. L., Zhu, X., & Dou, D. (2019). Influence of family processes on internet addiction among late adolescents in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(113), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00113
Shek, D. T. L., Zhu, X., & Ma, C. M. S. (2018). The influence of parental control and parent-child relational qualities on adolescent internet addiction: A 3-year longitudinal study in Hong Kong. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(642). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00642
Shi, X., Wang, J., & Zou, H. (2017). Family functioning and internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: The mediating roles of self-esteem and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.028
Silva, T. O., & Silva, L. T. G. (2017). Os impactos sociais, cognitivos e afetivos sobre a geração de adolescentes conectados às tecnologias digitais. Revista Psicopedagogia, 34(103), 87-97.
Stavropoulos, V., Griffiths, M. D., Burleigh, T. L., Kuss, D. J., Doh, Y. Y., & Gomez, R. (2018). Flow on the internet: A longitudinal study of internet addiction symptoms during adolescence. Behavior & Information Technology, 37(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2018.1424937
Stratton, P., Bland, J., Janes, E., & Lask, J. (2010). Developing an indicator of family function and a practicable outcome measure for systemic family and couple therapy: The SCORE. Journal of Family Therapy, 32(3), 232-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6427.2010.00507.x
Terres-Trindade, M., & Mosmann, C. P. (2015). Discriminant profile of young internet dependents: The role of family relationships. Paidéia, 25(62), 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-43272562201509
Terres-Trindade, M., & Mosmann, C. P. (2016). Conflitos familiares e práticas educativas parentais como preditores de dependência da internet. Psico-USF, 21(3), 623-633. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712016210315
Tolou-Shams, M., Brogan, L., Esposito-Smythers, C., Healy, M. G., Lowery, A., Craker, L., & Brown, L. K. (2018). The role of family functioning in parenting practices of court- involved youth. Journal of Adolescence, 63, 165-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.016
Tran, B. X., Huong, L. T., Hinh, N. D., Nguyen, L. H., Le, B. N., Nong, V., . . . Ho, R. C. (2017). A study on the influence of internet addiction and online interpersonal influences on health-related quality of life in young Vietnamese. BMC Public Health, 17(138), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3983-z
Tsitsika, A. K., Andrie, E. K., Psaltopoulou, T., Tzavara, C. K., Sergentanis, T. N., Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I., . . . Tsolia, M. (2016). Association between problematic internet use, sociodemographic variables and obesity among European adolescents. The European Journal of Public Health, 26(4), 617-622. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw028
Vilaça, M., Relvas, A. P., & Stratton, P. (2017). A Portuguese translation of the Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation (SCORE): The psychometric properties of the 15- and 28-item versions. Journal of Family Therapy, 40(4), 537-556. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12197
Vilaça, M., Silva, J. T., & Relvas, A. P. (2014). Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation (SCORE-15). In A. Relvas, & S. Major, Instrumentos deAvaliação familiar: Funcionamento e intervenção (Vol. I) (pp. 23-41). Coimbra: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra. https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0839-6_1
Wagner, A., Falcke, D., Silveira, L. M. B. O., & Mosmann, C. P. (2002). A comunicação em famílias com filhos adolescentes. Psicologia em Estudo, 7(1), 75-80. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-73722002000100010
Wartberg, L., Kammerl, R., Rosenkranz, M., Hirschhäuser, L., Hein, S., Schwinge, C., . . . Thomasius, R. (2014). The interdependence of family functioning and problematic internet use in a representative quota sample of adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(1), 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0494
Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., Bröning, S., Kegel, K., & Thomasius, R. (2017). Adolescent problematic internet use: Is a parental rating suitable to estimate prevalence and identify familial correlates? Computers in Human Behavior, 67, 233-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.029
Wartberg, L., Kriston, L., Kammerl, R., Petersen, K.-U., & Thomasius, R. (2014). Prevalence of pathological internet use in a representative German sample of adolescents: Results of a latent profile analysis. Psychopathology, 48(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365095
Wu, C. S. T., Wong, H. T., Yu, K. F., Fok, K.W., Yeung, S. M., Lam, C. H., & Liu, K. M. (2016). Parenting approaches, family functionality, and internet addiction among Hong Kong adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 16(130), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0666-y
Wu, X.-S., Zhang, Z.-H., Zhao, F., Wang, W.-J., Li, Y.-F., Bi, L., . . . Sun, Y.-H. (2016). Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with social support and other related factors among adolescents in China. Journal of Adolescence, 52, 103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.07.012
Xin, M., Xing, J., Pengfei, W., Houru, L., Mengcheng, W., & Hong, Z. (2018). Online activities, prevalence of internet addiction and risk factors related to family and school among adolescents in China. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 7, 14-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2017.10.003
Xiuqin, H., Huimin, Z., Mengchen, L., Jinan, W., Ying, Z., & Ran, T. (2010). Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 401-406. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0222
Xu, J., Shen, L.-X., Yan, C.-H., Hu, H., Yang, F., Wang, L., . . . Shen, X.-M. (2014). Parent-adolescent interaction and risk of adolescent internet addiction: A population-based study in Shanghai. BMC Psychiatry, 14(112). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-14-112
Yao, M. Z., He, J., Ko, D. M., & Pang, K. (2014). The influence of personality, parental behaviors, and self-esteem on internet addiction: A study of Chinese college students. CyberPsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0710
Yen, J.-Y., Yen, C.-F., Chen, C.-C., Chen, S.-H., & Ko, C.-H. (2007). Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(3), 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9948
Young, K. S. (1996). Psychology of computer use: XL. Addictive use of the internet: A case that breaks the stereotype. Psychological Reports, 79, 899-902. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.899
Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
Young, K. S. (2009). Internet addiction: Diagnosis and treatment considerations. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 39(4), 241-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-009-9120-x
Young, K. S. (2011). Clinical assessment of internet-addicted clients. In K. S. Young, & C. N. Abreu, Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment (pp. 19-34). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118013991.ch2
Yu, J. J., Kim, H., & Hay, I. (2013). Understanding adolescents’ problematic internet use from a social/ cognitive and addiction research framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2682-2689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.045
Yu, L., & Shek, D. T. L. (2013). Internet addiction in Hong Kong adolescents: A three-year longitudinal study. Journal of Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology, 26(3), S10-S17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2013.03.010
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Daisy Rodrigues, Inês Carvalho Relva, Otília Monteiro Fernandes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 18 de 2022. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos citando la fuente y el autor. This publication may be reproduced by mentioning the source and the authors.
| Métricas do artigo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas abstratas | |
| Visualizações da cozinha | |
| Visualizações de PDF | |
| Visualizações em HTML | |
| Outras visualizações | |
