Intervenciones positivas enfocadas en las fortalezas de carácter: aportes para su efectividad e investigación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7062Palabras clave:
Fortalezas de carácter, intervenciones basadas en psicología positiva, intervenciones basadas en fortalezas, fortalezas distintivas, bienestarResumen
La evidencia actual respecto a la efectividad de las intervenciones basadas en las fortalezas de carácter apunta a señalar el gran potencial que poseen para fomentar el bienestar y reducir la sintomatología depresiva. Sin embargo, aún existen cuestionamientos que es necesario abordar para desarrollar la investigación en curso acerca de este tema. En esta revisión narrativa se evalúan algunos aspectos que pueden orientar esta indagación científica, tales como el papel que tienen las intervenciones personalizadas y sus diferencias con las intervenciones genéricas, las fortalezas correlacionadas con el bienestar, las fortalezas distintivas y los contextos en los que se puede justificar dicho estudio. Se concluye que, pese a las contribuciones al fomento del bienestar a partir de la implementación de este tipo de intervenciones, las evidencias sobre su efectividad aún tienen algunas aristas por explorar que permitirán una mejoría en los efectos obtenidos, tales como los mecanismos y aportaciones que cada una de las fortalezas otorga a otros aspectos del bienestar y al funcionamiento psicológico en diferentes áreas de la vida.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Akhtar, S., & Barlow, J. (2018). Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 19(1), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637079
Bastounis, A., Callaghan, P., Banerjee, A., & Michail, M. (2016). The effectiveness of the Penn resiliency program (PRP) and its adapted versions in reducing depression and anxiety and improving explanatory style: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Adolescence, 52, 37–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.07.004
Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling & Development, 82(1), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2004.tb00288.x
Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-119
Brdar, I., & Kashdan, T. B. (2010). Character strengths and wellbeing in Croatia: An empirical investigation of structure and correlates. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2009.12.001
Brunwasser, S. M., Gillham, J. E., & Kim, E. S. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the Penn resiliency Program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(6), 1042–1054. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017671
Carr, A., Cullen, K., Keeney, C., Canning, C., Mooney, O., Chinseallaigh, E., & O’Dowd, A. (2021). Effectiveness of positive psychology interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1818807
Chakhssi, F., Kraiss, J. T., Sommers-Spijkerman, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1739-2
Chérif, L., Wood, V. M., & Watier, C. (2021). Testing the effectiveness of a strengths-based intervention targeting all 24 strengths: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychological Reports, 124(3), 1174-1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294120937441
Consentino, A. C., & Castro-Solano, A. (2015). IVyF: Validez de un Instrumento de Medida de las Fortalezas del Carácter de la Clasificación de Peterson y Seligman (2014). Psicodebate, 15(2), 1515-2251.
Curry, O. S., Rowland, L. A., Van Lissa, C. J., Zlotowitz, S., McAlaney, J., & Whitehouse, H. (2018). Happy to help? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of performing acts of kindness on the well-being of the actor. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 76, 320-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014
Davis, D. E., Choe, E., Meyers, J., Wade, N., Varjas, K., Gifford, A., Quinn, A., Hook, J. N., Van Tongeren, D., R., Griffin, B. J., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2016). Thankful for the little things: A meta-analysis of gratitude interventions. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000107
Dickens, L. R. (2017). Using gratitude to promote positive change: A series of meta-analyses investigating the effectiveness of gratitude interventions. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 39(4), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2017.1323638
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Freidlin, P., Littman-Ovadia, H., & Niemiec, R. M. (2017). Positive psychopathology: Social anxiety via character strengths underuse and overuse. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 50–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.003
Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions: further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1241-1259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9380-0
Harzer, C., & Ruch, W. (2016). Your strengths are calling: Preliminary results of a web-based strengths intervention to increase calling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 2237-2256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9692-y
Littman-Ovadia, H., & Freidlin, P. (2019). Positive psychopathology and positive functioning: OCD, flourishing and satisfaction with life through the lens of character strength underuse, overuse and optimal use. Applied Research in Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9701-5
Lomas, T., & Ivtzan, I. (2015). Second Wave Positive Psychology: Exploring the Positive–Negative Dialectics of Wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(4), 1753–1768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9668-y
Lundahl, B. W., Taylor, M. J., Stevenson, R., & Roberts, K. D. (2008). Process-based forgiveness interventions: A meta-analytic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 18(5), 465–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731507313979
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
Malouff, J. M., & Schutte, N. S. (2017). Can psychological interventions increase optimism? A meta-analysis. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(6), 594–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221122
Martínez-Martí, M. L., Theirs, C. I., Pascual, D., & Corradi, G. (2020). Character Strengths Predict an Increase in Mental Health and Subjective Well-Being Over a One-Month Period During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(584567). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584567
Martínez-Martí, M. L., & Ruch, W. (2017). Character strengths predict resilience over and above positive affect, self-efficacy, optimism, social support, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1163403
Macdonald, C., Bore, M., & Munro, D. (2008). Values in Action scale and the Big 5: An empirical indication of structure. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 787-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.10.003
McGrath, R. E., Greenberg, M. J., & Hall-Simmonds, A. (2018). Scarecrow, Tin Woodsman, and Cowardly Lion: The three-factor model of virtue. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1326518
Niemiec, R. M. (2018). Character strengths interventions: A field guide for practitioners. Hogrefe.
Niemiec, R. M. (2019). Finding the golden mean: the overuse, underuse, and optimal use of character strengths. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2019.1617674
Niemiec, R. M., & Pearce, R. (2021) The Practice of Character Strengths: Unifying Definitions, Principles, and Exploration of What’s Soaring, Emerging, and Ripe with Potential in Science and in Practice. Frontiers in Psychology. 11, 590220. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.590220
Otake, K., Shimai, S., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Otsui, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Happy people becomehappier through kindness: A counting kindness intervention. Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-3650-z
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 603–619. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.603.50748
Partsch, M. V., Bluemke, M., & Lechner, C. (2022). Revisiting the hierarchical structure of the 24 VIA character strengths: Three global dimensions may suffice to capture their essence. European Journal of Personality, 36(5), 825-845. https://doi.org/10.1177/08902070211017760
Peterson, C. (2006a). A primer in positive psychology. Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C. (2006b). The values in action VIA classification of strengths. En M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), A life worth living: Contributions to positive psychology (pp. 29–48). Oxford University Press.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character Strengths and Virtues: A Handbook and Classification. Oxford University Press.
Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Buschor, C. (2012). Testing strengths-based interventions: A preliminary study on the effectiveness of a program targeting curiosity, gratitude, hope, humor, and zest for enhancing life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14 (1), 275-292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9331-9
Proyer, R. T., Gander, F., Wellenzohn, S., & Ruch, W. (2015). Strengths-based positive psychology interventions: a randomized placebo-controlled online trial on long-term effects for signature strengths-vs. A lesser strengths-intervention. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 456, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00456
Quinlan, D., Swain, N., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2012). Character strengths interventions: building on what we know for improved outcomes. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 1145-1163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-011-9311-5
Rainey, C. A., Readdick, C. A., & Thyer, B. A. (2012). Forgiveness-based group therapy: A meta-analysis of outcome studies published from 1993-2006. Best Practices in Mental Health: An International Journal, 8(1), 29–5.
Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.920411
Rashid, T., & Anjum, A. (2008). Positive psychotherapy for young adults and children. En J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents (pp. 250–287). Guilford.
Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2018). Positive Psychotherapy: Clinician Manual. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195325386.001.0001
Renshaw, T. L., & Olinger Steeves, R. M. (2016). What good is gratitude in youth and schools? A systematic review and meta-analysis of correlates and intervention outcomes. Psychology in the Schools, 53(3), 286–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21903
Ruch, W., Niemec, R. M., McGrath, R. E., Gander, F., & Proyer, R. T. (2020). Character, strengths-based interventions: Open questions and ideas for future research. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 15(5), 680-684. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1789700
Ruch, W., & Proyer, R. T. (2015). Mapping strengths into virtues: the relation of the 24 VIA-strengths to six ubiquitous virtues. Frontiers in Psychology, 6. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00460
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2019). The impact of signature character strengths interventions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-being, 20(4), 1179-1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9990-2
Seligman, M. E. P. (2016). Florecer: La nueva psicología positiva y la búsqueda del bienestar. Océano exprés.
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410
Shryack, J., Steger, M. F., Krueger, R. F., & Kallie, C. S. (2010). The structure of virtue: An empirical investigation of the dimensionality of the Virtues in Action Inventory of Strengths. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 714-719.
Sin, N. L., Della Porta, M. D., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2011). Tailoring positive psychology interventions to treat depressed individuals. En S. I. Donaldson, M. Csikszentmihalyi & J. Nakamura (Eds.), Applied positive psychology: Improving everyday life, health, schools, work, and society (pp. 79–96). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Sin, N., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2009). Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: A practice-friendly meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467–487. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20593
Singh, K., & Choubisa, R. (2010). Empirical validation of Values in Action-Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS) in Indian context. National Academy of Psychology India Psychological Studies, 55, 151-158.
Stahlmann, A. G., Ruch, W., & Arbenz, G. C. (2023). The three-dimensional character strengths circumplex. OSF open platform. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-232458
Tarragona, M. (2016). El estudio científico del bienestar psicológico. En J. C. Gaxiola y J. Palomar (Coords.), El Bienestar Psicológico: Una mirada desde Latinoamérica (pp. 11-30). Universidad de Sonora/Qartuppi.
Wade, N., Worthington, E., & Meyer, J. (2005). But do they work: A meta-analysis of group interventions to promote forgiveness. En E. Worthington (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 423–440). Routledge.
Wade, N. G., Hoyt, W. T., Kidwell, J. E. M., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2014). Efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions to promote forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(1), 154–170. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035268
Wagner, L., & Ruch, W. (2015) Good character at school: Positive classroom behavior mediates the link between character strengths and school achievement. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 610. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00610
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Maria del Rocio Hernandez-Pozo, Nicolas Torres y Torres
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Revista CES Psicología ISSN 2011 3080
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad CES Primera edición 2008. Última actualización Mayo 18 de 2022. Todos los derechos reservados. Hecho el depósito legal que exige la ley.
Se autoriza la reproducción total o parcial de los artículos citando la fuente y el autor. This publication may be reproduced by mentioning the source and the authors.
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
