Control de la interferencia en el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH): revisión*
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.1.7Palabras clave:
Control de la interferencia, Niños, Funciones Ejecutivas, TDAH, Stroop, FlankerResumen
Introducción: Investigaciones sobre el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) han evidenciado alteraciones en los procesos inhibitorios, en especial en el control de la interferencia, lo que explicaría las dificultades de los niños con TDAH para inhibir estímulos distractores y controlar su comportamiento. Objetivo: Identificar la literatura científica disponible sobre el desempeño en tareas que evalúan el control de la interferencia en niños con TDAH. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Sciencie con los términos ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), Interference Control, Stroop y Flanker, publicados entre los años 2010 y 2017. Se identificaron 520 artículos, después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión se seleccionaron 33 para hacer el análisis descriptivo. Resultados: El control de la interferencia se ve afectado en niños con TDAH, evidenciado en mayores tiempos de reacción, de ejecución, variabilidad de respuesta y porcentaje de errores, principalmente en los ensayos incongruentes. Igualmente, se mostraron patrones de activación cortical alterados y variaciones en potenciales evocados cognitivos. Conclusiones: El control de la interferencia se encuentra alterado en niños con TDAH, y el uso de más de un método de evaluación de los niños con este Trastorno puede ser útil para brindar más información del funcionamiento en el control de la interferencia en términos de tiempo y precisión en las tareas.
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