Bienestar en adolescentes: El rol del apoyo social y de la satisfacción de necesidades básicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.6577Palavras-chave:
satisfação de vida, bem-estar psicológico, apoio social entre pares, necessidades básicas, adolescentes.Resumo
O conhecimento dos factores que influenciam a satisfação e bem-estar da vida na adolescência é escasso. Este estudo examina se a satisfação de vida (LS), o apoio social dos pares e as três necessidades básicas postuladas pela teoria da autodeterminação (competência, autonomia e relação) são responsáveis pela variação incremental do bem-estar psicológico (PW). Participaram um total de 544 adolescentes chilenos escolarizados (55% mulheres) entre os 13 e 18 anos de idade (M=15,11, SD=1,05). Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários auto-administrados em instituições de ensino. Foram realizadas duas regressões hierárquicas escalonadas, uma com SV e outra com BP como variáveis dependentes. O sexo e a idade foram incluídos como variáveis de controlo. Foi incorporado o apoio social dos pares, os dois tipos de bem-estar e depois a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas. Os resultados mostram que a BP adolescente aumenta assim que a SV e o apoio social dos pares e precisa de satisfação. Além disso, a idade e a BP previram a SV. Dois modelos de mediação foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito das necessidades psicológicas básicas (competência, autonomia e relação) sobre a BP e a SV. As análises de mediação indicaram que as três necessidades psicológicas aumentam o efeito da SV na PA dos adolescentes. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que sentir-se competente, mais autónomo e mais relacionado com os outros são necessidades importantes que podem ajudar a explicar o efeito da SV na PA.
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