Observando la mentalización en psicoterapias con adolescentes: Diseño de un sistema de observación de la interacción terapéutica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.13.3.4Palabras clave:
Mentalización, Tratamiento basado en la Mentalización, Psicoterapia con Adolescentes, Investigación de Proceso en PsicoterapiaResumen
Objetivo: Basado en la falta de medidas que permitan evaluar la mentalización como variable de proceso en psicoterapias con adolescentes, el siguiente estudio apunta a presentar el diseño de un sistema observacional para evaluar el despliegue de esta variable tanto en pacientes como en terapeutas. Método: mediante el proceso de codificación abierta de la teoría fundamentada y análisis temático de tres niveles, se analizó el despliegue de la mentalización tanto en terapeutas como en pacientes en 10 episodios de ruptura y 10 episodios de resolución elegidos aleatoriamente de cinco psicoterapias con adolescentes. Resultados: A partir del análisis efectuado se desarrolló un sistema observacional de seis dimensiones emergentes (foco en los estados mentales, opacidad de los estados mentales, comunicación contingente, causalidad de los estados mentales, naturaleza dinámica de los estados mentales y foco en el momento presente) denominado “Sistema de Observación de la mentalización en Psicoterapia con adolescentes” (OMP-A) que permite evaluar cuantitativamente la mentalización de terapeutas y pacientes. Discusión y conclusiones: el OMP-A es un instrumento que responde a debilidades de otros sistemas para evaluar mentalización en psicoterapia con adolescentes, permitiendo la observación de aspectos lingüísticos y paralingüísticos del mentalizar y toma en consideración aspectos particulares que caracterizan las intervenciones con adolescentes. Se discute su posible uso para la formación y supervisión en psicoterapia, y los desafíos metodológicos para desarrollos futuros.
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