EL CONFLICTO NOSOLÓGICO EN PSICOPATOLOGÍA: NOTAS CRÍTICAS SOBRE EL DIAGNÓSTICO PSIQUIÁTRICO. (The nosological conflict in psychopathology: Critical notes about the psychiatric diagnosis)
Abstract
El principio de clasificación semiótica ha marcado desde los tiempos de Kraepelin el desarrollo de la psiquiatría. La creación de los manuales DSM surgen en un intento por unificar los criterios taxonómicos y establecer un sistema de clasificación de las categorías mórbidas partiendo de la presencia de signos y síntomas. Apelando al principio de “operacionalización”, los autores de estos manuales pretendieron proveernos de una serie de criterios objetivos que nos permitiesen identificar de forma confiable diferentes trastornos mentales. En nuestro trabajo hacemos una crítica a la idea de diagnóstico psicopatológico que prevaleció dentro de la tradición psiquiátrica dominante así como a la concepción de diagnóstico a partir de tales criterios operacionales. Procuramos mostrar que dicho proceso depende de una forma de juicio que requiere la valoración global del paciente y su mundo significativo, así como de su contexto cultural e histórico.
ABSTRACT
The principle of semiotic classification based on the supposition of natural entities, marked psychiatric development since Kraepelin. The creation of DSM tried to unify taxonomic criteria establishing a diagnostic classification of morbid categories in accordance with the presence of certain signs and symptoms. Appealing to the principle of “operacionalization”, the authors of these manuals pretended to provide us with a series of objective criteria that could allowed us to identify different psychopathological disorders. In our study we critically analyze the dominant psychiatric conception and its considerations regarding the nature of the psychopathological diagnosis process. We criticize the idea that psychiatric diagnosis can fit to operational criteria. We will try to show, on the other hand, that such process depends on the patient’s global assessment as well as its historical and cultural context.
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