REHABILITACIÓN DE LAS FUNCIONES EJECUTIVAS (Rehabilitation of executive functions)
Abstract
La rehabilitación de las funciones ejecutivas, luego de lesiones en los lóbulos frontales, se ha constituido en un reto formidable, debido a que la lesión en estas áreas puede alterar de varias formas un conjunto de sistemas neuroanatómicos y funcionales complejos. El presente artículo revisa los principales componentes anatómicos y funcionales de las áreas frontales y los programas de rehabilitación que abarcan los distintos componentes ejecutivos alterados luego de daño cerebral, resaltando la importancia de abarcar no solo los aspectos cognitivos, sino también los aspectos psicosociales y emocionales derivados del trauma. Posteriormente, se presentan las limitaciones que existen en el momento presente en estos programas, derivadas principalmente de la dificultad de rehabilitar aspectos relacionados con lo que ha dado en llamarse conciencia, dada las dificultades que persisten en delimitar los alcances del concepto y en el poco consenso que existe en relación con sus componentes esenciales.
Palabras clave: Emoción, Función Ejecutiva, Conciencia, Corteza Prefrontal, Neuropsicología, Rehabilitación Cognitiva.
Abstract
The rehabilitation of the executive function , after injures in the frontal lobes , has emerged as a formidable challenge, due to an injury in these areas may cause alteration to a group on neuroanatomical and functional complex systems in several ways. This paper reviews the main anatomical and functional components of the frontal lobes and the rehabilitation programs in which are involved the different altered executive components after brain damage; stressing the importance of covering not only , the cognitive facts but also , the emotional and psychosocial ones, as a consequence of trauma. Subsequently, limitations of the program are presented, derived from the difficulty of rehabilitating aspects related with what is known as conscience and the difficulties in delimiting the range of the concept and the lack of consensus with its essential components.
Key words: Emotions, Cognitive Rehabilitation, Consciousness, Executive Functions, Neuropsychology, Prefrontal Cortex.Downloads
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