REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES SOBRE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL ROL MASCULINO EN HOMBRES ADOLESCENTES ESCOLARIZADOS EN EL MUNICIPIO DE MEDELLÌN. (Social representations about a masculine role construction in adolescent schooled men of Medellin city)
Abstract
Con el fin de identificar las representaciones sociales que los hombres adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Medellín establecen como centrales en la construcción de su rol masculino, y los factores de protección y de riesgo que de ahí se derivan, se desarrolló una investigación cualitativa desde una perspectiva fenomenológica hermenéutica. Se realizaron talleres y entrevistas a grupos de adolescentes de estratos socioeconómicos bajos y altos de diversos lugares de la ciudad. En ambos estratos la perspectiva de ser hombre desde un lugar de dominación, fuerza y sometimiento, es una representación significativa central y se comprende como un requerimiento social aceptado y vivenciado en lo cotidiano. Las ideas en relación con el ser o no ser hombre, según lo dictado por la cultura, se mantienen arraigadas como elemento significativo que se replica generación tras generación, pero las prácticas en relación con lo masculino son más movibles y negociables culturalmente. Se encontraron además algunas diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos estudiados que hablan de modos de intercambio y de significación que se regulan por las condiciones de vida y de existencia en sus propios contextos.
Palabras clave: Adolescencia, Contexto Sociocultural, Estereotipos de Género, Identidad de Género, Juventud, Masculinidad, Representaciones Sociales, Rol Masculino.ABSTRACT
In order to identify the social representations of school enrolled adolescent men of Medellin established as main representations in the construction of their masculine role, and the risk and protection factors deriving from them, workshops and interviews were developed under the modality of the qualitative investigation, from a hermeneutic perspective to groups of teenagers from low and high socioeconomic levels of different places of Medellin city. In both levels the assumption of being a man in a position of domination, power and submission , is a meaningful main representation and it is understood as a social request accepted and experimented in every day life. The ideas related to be or not a man, according to the cultural expectations are grabbed as a meaningful element that is presented generation by generation, but what really concerns about the male concept is adapted and negotiated culturally. Some important differences between the studied groups were found , they have presented interchange and meaning possibilities, ruled by their living and context conditions.
Key words: Adolescence, Adolescent psychology, Gender identity, Masculine role, Masculinity, Social identity, Social perception, Sociocultural context, Social representations, Sex role attitudes, Stereotypes of Sort.
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