BASES NEUROBIOLÓGICAS DE LA REHABILITACIÓN (Neurobiological Basis of Rehabilitation)
Abstract
Los tratamientos de rehabilitación neurológica se fundamentan en una propiedad intrínseca del Sistema Nervioso Central: la de adaptarse a los cambios en su entorno. La Plasticidad Cerebral involucra modificaciones estructurales y funcionales en las neuronas y en las redes neuronales y para su comprensión es necesario contemplar lo que sucede en diferentes niveles, considerando asimismo los factores genéticos y no genéticos que pueden influir en estos procesos. En la actualidad existen técnicas electrofisiológicas y por imágenes que permiten el estudio de la Plasticidad Cerebral en los seres humanos sanos y con lesiones cerebrales. Una mayor comprensión de los fenómenos que ocurren en el Sistema Nervioso luego de una lesión puede posibilitar la aplicación de intervenciones terapéuticas adaptadas a las necesidades de cada individuo.
Abstract
Neurological rehabilitation treatments are based on an intrinsic property of the Central Nervous System: to adapt to changes in their environment. Cerebral Plasticity involves structural and functional changes in neurons and neural networks and to their understanding is necessary to consider what happens at different levels, considering also genetic and non-genetic factors that may influence these processes. There are currently electrophysiological and images that allow the study of Brain Plasticity in healthy humans and with brain injuries. Greater understanding the phenomena that occur in the nervous system after an injury may enable therapeutic application tailored to the needs of each individual.
Keywords: Neurorehabilitation, Brain Plasticity. Neuronal Plasticity. Neural Plasticity, Neural Networks.
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