SUPUESTOS FILOSÓFICOS, DISCURSO Y NARRATIVIDAD: EL USO DE NOCIONES PSICOPATOLÓGICAS, PSICOLÓGICAS Y PSIQUIÁTRICAS EN EL DERECHO PENAL (Philosophical basis, discourse and narratives: the use of psychopathological psychological and psychiatric concepts, in
Abstract
Nos propusimos identificar y analizar los supuestos filosóficos que subyacen al empleo de nociones, categorías y criterios diagnósticos psicopatológicos, tanto durante la pericia forense como en la posterior reconstrucción de un caso, dentro del derecho penal. Se diseñó un sistema de categorías que sirvió como instrumento para el análisis fenomenológico y narrativo de casos penales de homicidio (cometidos bajo un estado de emoción violenta). A los fines del análisis se aplicó el paquete informático Atlas Ti. En base al mismo, y partiendo del estudio de un caso en profundidad, procuramos identificar supuestos filosóficos así como también estrategias discursivas y narrativas que se ponen en juego dentro del espacio de entrecruzamiento del derecho, la psicología y la psiquiatría. Asimismo, intentamos mostrar de qué modo el discurso psicopatológico apela, al menos dentro del ámbito forense y judicial, a categorías y a nociones que pertenecen a diferentes niveles lógico-discursivos; a saber: uno personal y otro subpersonal.
Palabras claves: Diagnóstico Psicopatológico, Discurso, Narrativa, Emoción Violenta, Inimputabilidad, Derecho Penal.
Abstract
The aim of this research has been to identify and analyze the philosophical basis of the diagnosis in legal cases where psychological appraisal is needed. We have designed a narrative analysis instrument that has been applied to one legal case of murder. In the analysis, qualitative analysis software Atlas Ti was used. In the narrative analysis it was taken into account the elements that were used in the psychological and psychiatric reports and the case reconstruction. Additionally, some key elements for the reconstruction of the cases used by lawyers were analyzed. As a result of this research, philosophical basic concepts were identified as well as discursive and narrative strategies that are implemented in a space where law, psychology and psychiatry relate. Also, it was attempted to evidence how the psychopathological discourse appeals to the forensic and legal field to categories belonging to different logical discursive order, such as the personal and the sub personal levels.
Keywords: Psychopathological Diagnosis, Discourse, Narrative, Violent Emotions, Criminal Responsibility, Criminal Law.
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