APORTES DESDE LA TEORÍA DE LA MENTE Y DE LA FUNCIÓN EJECUTIVA A LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LOS TRASTORNOS DEL ESPECTRO AUTISTA (Contributions from the theory of mind and executive functions in understanding autism spectrum disorders)
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente revisión es presentar un panorama del desarrollo de dos modelos explicativos: la teoría de la mente y la teoría de la alteración de la función ejecutiva en los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA). Para ello, parte de una descripción de las manifestaciones clínicas del TEA y de sus bases neuroanatómicas. Se concluye, que los dos modelos ofrecen explicaciones que bien podrían complementarse para ofrecer un marco explicativo integral. Finalmente, se hace una presentación de algunos enfoques terapéuticos que han mostrado su efectividad en este trastorno.
Palabras claves: Trastornos del Espectro Autista, TEA, Trastornos Generalizados del Desarrollo, Función Ejecutiva, Habilidades Cognitivas, Teoría de la Mente.
Abstract
This review aims to present an overview of the development of two explicative theories: the theory of mind and the theory of the impaired executive function in autism (ASD). For this purpose, a description of the clinical manifestations of autism and its neuroanatomical basis is presented. It is concluded, both models offer complementary theories that could be integrated in order to provide a comprehensive explanatory framework. Finally, the article introduces some therapeutic approaches that have being effective when dealing with this disorder.
Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Executive Function, Cognitive Ability, Theory of Mind.
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