Diferencias entre el SARS-CoV-2 y el coronavirus de la Bronquitis Infecciosa Aviar (IBV)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmvz.16.1.3Palabras clave:
bronquitis infecciosa aviar, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2Resumen
La enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2, no obstante, en los pollos de corral los coronavirus causan Bronquitis Infecciosa Aviar. En la actualidad, se ha logrado analizar la secuencia genómica del virus SARS-CoV-2, el cual indica que éste emergió de un reservorio animal, incluso se ha considerado que un virus aislado de un murciélago, idéntico a SARS-CoV, sea el progenitor del nuevo coronavirus. En otros estudios, se ha evidenciado que la glicoproteína de la espícula viral tiene un alto grado de emparentamiento entre virus que infectan mamíferos y aves, que es la que permite el contacto con el huésped. Mientras que en el caso del IBV, al inhalarse, el virus se ligará a los receptores de glucoproteína que contienen ácido siálico en las células epiteliales ciliadas del tejido respiratorio, entonces la replicación viral dará como resultado la pérdida de la función ciliar, acopiamiento de moco, necrosis y descamación, provocando dificultad para respirar y asfixia. El IBV afecta tráquea, riñones y tracto reproductivo de muchas aves. En el caso de las gallinas, el IBV virémico causa lesiones en el magnum y en el útero. Esta revisión dilucida algunos puntos clave en las diferencias en el nuevo coronavirus y el virus de la bronquitis infecciosa. Es muy poco probable que SARS-CoV-2 infecte o cause enfermedades en las aves de corral.
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