Papel de las funciones ejecutivas en el bienestar financiero subjetivo: un caso en jóvenes chilenos
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https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7809Palabras clave:
Bienestar financiero subjetivo, funciones ejecutivas, autoeficacia financiera, comportamiento financiero, planificación, autocontrolResumen
El bienestar financiero subjetivo (BFS) afecta la calidad de vida de los jóvenes y depende de múltiples factores cognitivos y contextuales. Este estudio analiza la influencia de las funciones ejecutivas de planificación e iniciativa, y de autocontrol sobre el comportamiento financiero (CF) y la autoeficacia financiera (AF), y cómo estos factores afectan el BFS de los individuos. Se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo de diseño transversal, empleando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales estimado mediante el método de mínimos cuadrados parciales consistente robusto. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 403 participantes, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada, diseñada específicamente para este estudio a partir de escalas validadas. Los hallazgos muestran que la planificación e iniciativa tiene un efecto directo positivo en el CF y la AF, mientras que el autocontrol tiene un efecto directo negativo (dado que según la escala utilizada, puntuaciones elevadas en AC indican una menor capacidad de regulación impulsiva). Además, se encontró que el CF y la AF median el efecto indirecto de las funciones ejecutivas sobre el BFS. Se destaca la influencia de las FE de planificación e iniciativa, y de autocontrol en el BFS, mediada por el CF y la AF. Los resultados subrayan que el fortalecimiento de habilidades cognitivas, como la planificación y el autocontrol, puede ser clave para promover un mejor bienestar financiero a través de comportamientos más saludables. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones relevantes para el diseño de estrategias educativas orientadas a mejorar la alfabetización financiera en jóvenes.
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