Sintomatología depresiva en adultos mayores ecuatorianos: prevalencia, factores asociados y análisis psicométrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7754Palabras clave:
Escala CES-D, Depresión, Adulto mayor, Ecuador, PsicometríaResumen
La depresión en adultos mayores representa un problema de salud pública con alta prevalencia y consecuencias significativas en la calidad de vida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de sintomatología depresiva, así como los factores de riesgo y protección asociados en una muestra probabilística de 1.893 adultos mayores ecuatorianos (M = 75.55 años; DE = 7.52). Asimismo, se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos (CES-D). Se utilizó un diseño no experimental, transversal y de alcance correlacional, con un componente instrumental-psicométrico. Los resultados evidenciaron una prevalencia de síntomas depresivos moderados 5.2% y graves del 93.1 % de la muestra total, siendo más alta en mujeres (55.5 %) y en residentes de zonas rurales (59.7 %). Las dimensiones más frecuentes fueron el afecto deprimido y la introspección. El análisis de regresión logística identificó como factores de riesgo el sexo femenino y la alta introspección, mientras que contar con ingresos económicos y niveles elevados de afecto positivo se asociaron con menor riesgo de depresión. La escala CES-D demostró adecuados índices de consistencia interna (α = .894; ω = .906) y validez estructural, con ajustes satisfactorios en modelos factoriales e invarianza por sexo. Estos hallazgos respaldan la utilidad de la Escala CES-D como instrumento confiable para evaluar la sintomatología depresiva en adultos mayores ecuatorianos, y subraya la importancia de su detección temprana para diseñar intervenciones preventivas y mejorar su bienestar psicosocial.
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