Factores psicosociales asociados a la salud mental de los psicólogos colombianos: hallazgos del estudio PSY-COVID después de las fases más restrictivas de la pandemia COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7710Palabras clave:
Psicólogo, depresión, ansiedad, angustia psicológica, COVID-19Resumen
Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 reveló que los trabajadores de la salud están en alto riesgo de experimentar mala salud mental. Objetivo: Examinar las asociaciones entre diversos factores psicosociales (género, edad, nivel de ingresos, estatus LGBTQIA+, crecimiento postraumático, estrés percibido y resiliencia) y tres variables de resultado de salud mental clínicamente relevantes (depresión, ansiedad y malestar psicológico) en psicólogos colombianos después de las fases más restrictivas de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en línea entre el 1 de diciembre de 2021 y el 30 de abril de 2022. Los síntomas de depresión, de ansiedad y de angustia psicológica se evaluaron utilizando el PHQ-2, el GAD-2 y el PHQ-4, respectivamente. También se estimaron prevalencias y razones de prevalencia por variables socioeconómicas y psicológicas. Resultados: De los 1297 participantes, la mayoría eran mujeres (78%) y tenían una edad media de 39,2 años (DE = 11.5). En total, el 27,5% reportó síntomas depresión, el 25,4% de ansiedad y el 17,5% de angustia psicológica. La depresión y la angustia psicológica fueron mayores en las mujeres y en los psicólogos más jóvenes. La angustia psicológica también fue mayor en los psicólogos LGTBIQA+. Menor crecimiento postraumático y resiliencia y mayor estrés percibido se asociaron con mayor presencia de síntomas de depresión, de ansiedad y de angustia psicológica. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos destacan las disparidades en los resultados de salud mental entre los psicólogos asociadas a diversos factores psicosociales. Además, destacan la necesidad de ofrecer recursos a los psicólogos para mejorar su adaptación psicológica a circunstancias estresantes relacionadas con futuras emergencias de salud pública.
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