Estructura familiar y agresividad en adolescentes españoles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.7691Palabras clave:
agresividad física, hostilidad, ira, monoparental, hermanastros, familia reconstituidaResumen
En las últimas décadas, la familia ha experimentado una profunda transformación, tanto en su estructura como en sus funciones. La familia nuclear ha ido perdiendo su hegemonía en favor de otras formas de organización familiar: monoparental, homoparental, cohabitación, reconstituida, etc. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la relación entre estructura familiar y agresividad –rasgo de la personalidad o tendencia a actuar violentamente– en adolescentes españoles. Participaron 1196 adolescentes, de 14 a 18 años (M= 16.2; DT=1.3); 50% mujeres, procedentes de 23 centros educativos no universitarios, 10 grados universitarios y 18 centros de menores –que atienden a adolescentes con problemas familiares o conductuales– de Castilla y León (España). En los centros educativos no universitarios se realizó un muestreo en dos etapas, estratificado y por conglomerados. Para medir la agresividad se utilizó el Cuestionario de Agresividad de Buss y Perry (BPAQ). Los resultados señalan que en familias monoparentales y en familias monoparentales de madre, los adolescentes presentaron, respectivamente, mayor agresividad física y mayor hostilidad que en familias nucleares. En familias con custodia repartida, los adolescentes manifestaron mayor ira; y en familias reconstituidas mayor agresividad física, ira y hostilidad que en familias nucleares. Cuando existen más de dos hermanastros, es mayor la ira, la hostilidad y la agresividad física del adolescente que en ausencia de hermanastros. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de la madre y el padre en la vida del adolescente y la estabilidad del núcleo familiar; así como la relevancia de recuperar la figura paterna y potenciar su presencia e implicación.
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