Afectación Neuropsicológica de la Función Ejecutiva en Pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica

Autores/as

  • Marcio Soto-Añari Universidad Católica San Pablo
  • Norman López Universidad de los Lagos
  • Raquel Aquino-Ayala Universidad Nacional de San Agustín
  • Lucia Denegri-Solís Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo (ESSALUD)
  • Verónica Belón-Hercilla Hospital Nacional Carlos Alberto Seguín Escobedo (ESSALUD)
  • Fernando-Robert Ferrel-Ortega Universidad del Magdalena
  • Nicole Caldichoury Universidad de los Lagos
  • Julia Hernández-Chamorro Independiente

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.11.2.7

Palabras clave:

Insuficiencia Renal Crónica, Diálisis Peritoneal, Hemodiálisis, Neuropsicología, Función Ejecutiva

Resumen

Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias en el rendimiento neuropsicológico de las funciones ejecutivas en pacientes tratados con Diálisis Peritoneal (DP) y Hemodiálisis (HD), además de valorar el nivel de afectación de las modalidades de tratamiento (DP vs HD) y las variables demográficas y clínicas sobre la respuesta cognitiva. Método: Estudio de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico que incluyó a 40 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC), divididos en dos grupos: 20 pacientes sometidos a diálisis peritoneal y 20 a hemodiálisis. Se utilizó una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas que incluyeron El Test de Palabras y Colores de STROOP, la parte B del Trail Making Test (TMT), la Torre de Hanoi y el subtest de Dígitos Inversos de la Escala Wechsler; además de un cuestionario sobre variables clínicas y demográficas. Resultados: Se evidenciaron diferencias significativas en el número de errores del TMT B y el número de movimientos de la Torre de Hanoi, siendo los pacientes sometidos a DP quienes rindieron mejor que los pacientes sometidos a HD. Por otra parte, los años de escolaridad y la edad de los pacientes parecen tener un efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento en las pruebas neuropsicológicas utilizadas. Conclusiones: Los pacientes sometidos a diálisis peritoneal tienen un mejor rendimiento en pruebas de función ejecutiva, pero dicho rendimiento es modulado por los años de escolaridad y la edad. Se discute el papel de la escolarización y la edad sobre el rendimiento neuropsicológico y las posibles causas de las diferencias encontradas en los grupos evaluados.

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Publicado

2018-04-17

Cómo citar

Soto-Añari, M., López, N., Aquino-Ayala, R., Denegri-Solís, L., Belón-Hercilla, V., Ferrel-Ortega, F.-R., … Hernández-Chamorro, J. (2018). Afectación Neuropsicológica de la Función Ejecutiva en Pacientes con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica. CES Psicología, 11(2), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.11.2.7

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