Condylar position according to facial biotype in cone beam tomography

Abstract

Introduction and objective: The condylar position, as well as the facial biotype, are important to maintain an occlusion and a balanced stomatognathic system. The objective of this article is to relate the facial biotype with the condylar position in cone beam tomography in patients without temporomandibular disorders. Materials and methods: 59 Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) of 23 male and 36 female patients, with age between 14 and 59 years, were classified into dolichofacial, mesofacial and braquifacial biotypes. In order to evaluate the condylar position, the dimension of the joint spaces is evaluated. CBCT were measured with I-Cat vision and STATA 14 was used for statistical analysis, it was endorsed by the ethics committee of the Universidad del Valle. Results: The interobserver correlation was performed, obtaining a Kappa of 0.85. 45 patients correspond to the braquifacial biotype, 8 dolichofacial and 6 mesofacial. In all the joint spaces, the braquifacial ones presented values of greater dimension and the dolichofacial smaller dimension. It was found that the medial spaces (CMS) present similar values in terms of laterality within each biotype, having differences of 0.02 to 0.09, however, for the central (CCS) and lateral (CLS) joint spaces greater differences between one side and the other, having differences 0.15 to 0.62 which is significant. CLS was the joint space with the smallest dimension in all biotypes. Evaluating the joint spaces for each biotype, significant differences (P <0.05) were found in right CMS, right CCS and very close to the left CLS significance. Higher values were observed in all the joint spaces in males, all of which are braquifacial, being statistically significant (P <0.05) for the joint space in the right CCS, Right CLS and Left CLS. Conclusions: The dimensions of the joint spaces are related to the facial biotype, the coronal section tomographic measurements are a necessary input as part of the analysis and diagnosis related to the facial biotype.