Salud bucal en sujetos con trastorno del espectro autista: consideraciones para la atención odontológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21615/cesodon.5846Palabras clave:
trastorno del espectro autista, salud bucal, enfermedades de la boca, padres, cuidadores, Fuente DeCS-BiremeResumen
El estado de salud bucal y la atención odontológica en sujetos con Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA), amerita atención, dada las características específicas en su fisiopatología bucal y algunos factores comportamentales que influyen el progreso de enfermedades bucales como la caries dental y la enfermedad periodontal. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir la evidencia referente a salud bucal, así como consideraciones relevantes para la atención odontológica en sujetos con TEA. Se realizó búsqueda sistemática de la literatura empleando los buscadores de información: EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, y Scopus. Los descriptores empleados fueron: Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Salud Bucal, Caries dental, Enfermedades Periodontales, Atención Odontológica (DeCS-Bireme), sus combinaciones y equivalencias en inglés Autism Spectrum Disorder, Oral health, Dental caries, Periodontal Diseases, Dental care (MeSH-Database). Considerando artículos publicados entre 2014 y septiembre de 2019. Inicialmente, se revisaron los títulos y aplicaron criterios de elegibilidad para la descripción de evidencia incluida, correspondiente a 46 artículos, considerando su enfoque, tipología, idioma y año de publicación y luego se plantea un análisis de la información. Concluyendo que la evidencia sigue siendo controversial y limitada con tendencia a destacar deficiencias en la higiene bucal que se realiza en los hogares de sujetos con TEA, la presencia de caries dental, enfermedad periodontal y algunos hallazgos que condicionan la fisiología oral y progreso de enfermedades bucales. Así mismo, se resalta la dificultad en la atención odontológica a causa de la cuestionable preparación del personal de odontología y los consecuentes temores en los padres que puede limitar la asistencia a la consulta de manera oportuna y en edades tempranas para lograr una buena adaptación. Por todo lo anterior, la atención odontológica se convierte en un desafío que deberá orientar sus acciones con empatía para atender esta población con participación de la familia, profesores y otros miembros de instituciones especializadas, con carácter holístico y de medicina familiar.
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