Cardiopulmonary and acid-base effects of continuous infusion of fentanyl, ketamine and lidocaine in canines ASA I

Abstract

The combination of fentanyl, lidocaine, and ketamine (FLK) has been widely used in canine surgery as part of the analgesic protocol. Some effects associated with its application have been described by the literature. The objective was to evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects produced by the infusion of FLK and the use of isoflurane during surgery in canine ASA I patients. Samples was taken of nine healthy female dogs of different breeds, ages, and sizes undergoing ovariohysterectomy that received a continuous infusion of FLK (0,08, 30, and 15 μg/kg/min, respectively) as part of the analgesic protocol. The results of cardiac and respiratory rates, non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, cardiac output and index, arterial oxygen saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, body temperature, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, bicarbonate, blood pH, total carbon dioxide, and blood lactate were measured before (time 1; T1) and during (time 2; T2) the surgery. Body temperature and acid base status at T1 and T2 were statistically different (p<0,05). In contrast, there was no difference between the effects of the analgesic protocol on cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic variables at T1 and T2. The results found indicate that changes in pH and temperature were due to additional factors different conditions outside the FLK infusion. Although cardiovascular and hemodynamic variables were not found as significant, it was possible to observe an improving on tissue perfusion and hemodynamic stability.