Función y metabolismo de ácidos grasos en el tejido adiposo y hepático de rumiantes en producción: una revisión

Autores/as

  • Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente, Medellín, Antioquia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmvz.14.2.3

Resumen

El tejido adiposo (TA) y hepático influencian el metabolismo de ácidos grasos (AG), al ser en gran parte los responsables de regular su biosíntesis, degradación y almacenamiento en tejidos corporales, como también de su secreción en leche y carne de animales en producción. De esta forma, un mejor entendimiento de la funcionalidad del metabolismo de AG en estos tejidos y los factores que lo afectan, podría dar las bases para el diseño de estrategias productivas en rumiantes. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión es presentar un panorama general de la funcionalidad y metabolismo de los AG en el TA y hepático en rumiantes de producción. A partir de la revisión, se pudo establecer, que el tipo de lípidos mayoritarios en TA y hepático, lo forman los AG y triglicéridos. El TA es el principal sitio de almacenamientobenergético tanto en rumiantes como en no rumiantes. El TA se encuentra. metabólicamente asociado con el tejido hepático mediante un equilibrio que regula los procesos de β-oxidación, síntesis de novo y transporte de AG a nivel tisular. Finalmente, se pudo establecer que el metabolismo de AG en TA y hepático es afectado por diversos factores, tales como la nutrición, nivel de restricción dietaria, genética, estado fisiológico y medio ambiente, de los cuales, la nutrición tiene el mayor impacto.

 

Metabolism and function of lipids in the adipose and liver tissues of production ruminants: a review

The adipose and liver tissues influence the fatty acid metabolism, being largely responsible for regulating their biosynthesis, degradation and storage in body tissues, as well as for their secretion in milk and meat production from ruminants. Therefore, a better understanding of the functionality of fatty acid metabolism in these tissues and the factors that affect it, could provide the basis for the design of productive strategies in ruminants. Thus, the aim of this review is to present a general overview of the functionality and metabolism of fatty acids in the adipose and liver tissues in production ruminants. From the review, it could be established that fatty acids and triglycerides are the main lipid types in adipose and liver tissues. Adipose tissue is the main energy storage site for both ruminants and non-ruminants. Adipose tissue is metabolically associated with liver tissue through an equilibrium that regulates the processes of β-oxidation, de novo synthesis, and fatty acid transport at a tissue level. Finally, it was established that the fatty acids metabolism in adipose and liver tissue is affected by several factors, including nutrition and level of dietary restriction, genetics, physiological state, and environment, being nutrition the main factor.


Keywords: anabolism, catabolism, dairy cows, enzymes, lipids.

 

Função e metabolismo de ácidos graxos no tecido adiposo e hepático de ruminantes em produção: uma revisão

O tecido adiposo (TA) e hepático influenciam o metabolismo dos ácidos graxos (AG), sendo amplamente responsável pela regulação de biossíntese, degradação e armazenamento destes nos tecidos corporais, bem como sua secreção no leite e na carne de animais em produção. Desta forma, uma melhor compreensão da funcionalidade do metabolismo dos AG nesses tecidos e os fatores que o afetam, poderia fornecer a base para o planejamento de estratégias produtivas em ruminantes. Assim, o objetivo desta revisão é apresentar uma visão geral da funcionalidade e metabolismo dos AG no TA e hepático em ruminantes de produção. A partir da revisão, foi estabelecido que o tipo de lipídios principais no TA e hepático, são os AG e triglicerídeos. O TA é o principal local de armazenamento de energia para ruminantes e não ruminantes. O TA está metabolicamente associado ao tecido hepático através de um equilíbrio que regula os processos de β-oxidação, síntese de novo e transporte de AG ao nível dos tecidos. Finalmente, foi estabelecido que o metabolismo da AG no TA e no hepatócito é afetado por vários fatores, como nutrição, nível de restrição alimentar, genética, estado fisiológico e ambiente, dos quais a nutrição tem o maior impacto.

Palavras-chave: anabolismo, catabolismo, enzimas, lipídios, vacas leiteiras.

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Biografía del autor/a

Julián Andrés Castillo Vargas, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente, Medellín, Antioquia.

Químico egresado de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Magister en producción animal (Nutrición de rumiantes) de la misma universidad y Doctor en Ciencias Animales (Nutrición Animal) de la Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Actualmente, es docente de la UNAD, ECAPMA.

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Publicado

2019-09-06

Cómo citar

Castillo Vargas, J. A. (2019). Función y metabolismo de ácidos grasos en el tejido adiposo y hepático de rumiantes en producción: una revisión. CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 14(2), 30–44. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmvz.14.2.3
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