Patologías dermatológicas de origen nutricional en los pequeños animales: una revisión
Resumen
Las patologías de la piel de origen nutricional se deben a ya sea alteraciones en la absorción intestinal de algunos nutrientes o por predisposiciones genéticas que afectan su absorción; se pueden producir deficiencias nutricionales por la mala elaboración de las dietas tanto caseras como comerciales; aunque en la actualidad no son tan comunes por la regulación que se hace de los alimentos balanceados y las exigencias por parte de los entes de control en cada país. Estas patologías están relacionadas con algunas vitaminas como la A, D, E y C, ácidos grasos esenciales, proteínas, y algunos minerales como es el caso del zinc. Entre las patologías dermatológicas y signos clínicos se incluyen: alergias alimentarias, seborrea seca y oleosa, descamación, tapones foliculares, caída de pelo y manto opaco y seco, entre otras. El objetivo de esta revisión es acercar más al clínico veterinario a las causas de enfermedad dermatológica de origen nutricional, ya que las alteraciones de la piel en general son muy comunes en la clínica veterinaria de los pequeños animales y se hace necesario reconocer todas las patologías y tratarlas de forma apropiada.
Dermatological diseases of nutritional origin in pets: a review
The skin pathologies of nutritional origin either due to alterations in intestinal absorption of some nutrients or genetic predispositions affecting its absorption; nutritional deficiencies may occur by poor development of both home and commercial diets; although at present are not as common for the regulation of food is balanced and demands by control agencies in each country. These conditions are related to some vitamins such as A, D, E and C, essential fatty acids, proteins, and certain minerals such as zinc. Among dermatological diseases and clinical signs include food allergies, dry and oily seborrhea, scaling, follicular plugging, hair loss and dull, dry coat, among others. The aim of this review is closer to the vet to the causes of dermatologic disease of nutritional origin clinical, since alterations of the skin in general are very common in the veterinary clinic for small animals and we need to recognize all the pathologies and treat appropriately.
Keywords: adverse food, canine, cats, essential fatty acids, nutritional dermatitis,vitamins reaction.
Doenças dermatológicas de origem nutricional em pequenosanimais: uma revisão da literatura
As patologias da pele de origem nutricional, quer devido a alterações na absorção intestinal de alguns nutrientes ou predisposições genéticas que afetam sua absorção; deficiências nutricionais podem ocorrer por falta de desenvolvimento de casa e dietas comerciais; embora, atualmente, não são tão comuns para a regulação da alimentação é balanceada e demandas por serviços de controlo em cada país. Estas condições estão relacionados com algumas vitaminas tais como A, D, E e C, ácidos gordos essenciais, proteínas, e determinados minerais tais como o zinco. Entre as doenças dermatológicas e sinais clínicos incluem: alergias alimentares, seborréia seca e oleosa, descamação, tamponamento folicular, perda de cabelo e maçante, revestimento seco, entre outros. O objetivo desta revisão é mais próximo ao veterinário para as causas da doença dermatológica de origem nutricional clínica, uma vez que alterações da pele, em geral, são muito comuns na clínica veterinária de pequenos animais e precisamos reconhecer todas as patologias e tratar adequadamente.
Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos essenciais, canino, dermatoses nutricional, gatos,alimentos adverso, a reação vitaminas.
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Loeffler A, Soares-Magalhaes R, Bond R, Lloyd DH. A retrospective analysis of case series using home-prepared and chicken hydrolysate diets in the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in 181 pruritic dogs. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 2006 Aug;17(4):273–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827671.
Tapp T, Griffin C, Rosenkrantz W, Muse R, Boord M. Comparison of a commercial limited-antigen diet versus home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of canine adverse food reaction. Veterinary Therapeutics: Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine [Internet]. 2002;3(3):244–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12447831.
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Jackson HA, Jackson MW, Coblentz L, Hammerberg B. Evaluation of the clinical and allergen specific serum immunoglobulin E responses to oral challenge with cornstarch, corn, soy and a soy hydrolysate diet in dogs with spontaneous food allergy. Veterinary Dermatology. 2003;14(4):181–7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12895222
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Miller WH, Griffin CE, Campbell KL, Muller GH, Scott DW. Muller & Kirk’s small animal dermatology. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier; 2013. 938 p. http://store.elsevier.com/Muller-and-Kirks-Small-Animal-Dermatology/William-Miller/isbn-9781416000280/
Pibot P, Biourge V, Elliot D. Enciclopedia de la Nutrición Clínica Canina. Primera Ed. Paris: Aniwa SAS; 2006. 517 p. http://www.ivis.org/advances/rc_es/A4312.0708.ES.pdf?LA=2
Gaschen FP, Merchant SR. Adverse Food Reactions in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice [Internet]. 2011 Mar [cited 2015 Mar 18];41(2):361–79. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0195561611000246.
Ricci R, Granato A, Vascellari M, Boscarato M, Palagiano C, Andrighetto I, et al. Identification of undeclared sources of animal origin in canine dry foods used in dietary elimination trials. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition [Internet]. 2013 May;97 Suppl 1:32–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23639015.
Hensel P. Nutrition and skin diseases in veterinary medicine. Clinics in Dermatology [Internet]. 2010 Nov;28(6):686–93. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0738081X10000556.
Kirby NA, Hester SL, Bauer JE. Dietary fats and the skin and coat of dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association [Internet]. 2007 Jun;230(11):1641–4. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17542730.
Stehle ME, Hanczaruk M, Schwarz SCN, Göbel TW, Mueller RS. Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on isolated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cytokine expression (IL-4, IFN-γ, TGF-β) in healthy and atopic dogs. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 2010 Feb [cited 2015 Jun 19];21(1):113–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00860.x
Rees CA, Bauer JE, Burkholder WJ, Kennis RA, Dunbar BL, Bigley KE. Effects of dietary flax seed and sunflower seed supplementation on normal canine serum polyunsaturated fatty acids and skin and hair coat condition scores. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 2001 Apr;12(2):111–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11360337
Singh SK, Dimri U, Saxena SK, Jadhav RK. Therapeutic management of canine atopic dermatitis by combination of pentoxifylline and PUFAs: Treatment of CAD with pentoxifylline and PUFAs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2015 Jun 19];33(5):495–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01146.x
Miller WH. Muller & Kirk’s small animal dermatology. 7th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier; 2013. 938 p. http://store.elsevier.com/Muller-and-Kirks-Small-Animal-Dermatology/William-Miller/isbn-9781416000280/
Gaschen FP, Merchant SR. Adverse Food Reactions in Dogs and Cats. Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice [Internet]. Elsevier Ltd; 2011;41(2):361–79. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.02.005
Harvey RG. Food allergy and dietary intolerance in dogs: A report of 25 cases. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 1993;34(4):175–9. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1993.tb02647.x/abstract
Verlinden A, Hesta M, Millet S, Janssens GPJ. Food allergy in dogs and cats: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2006;46(3):259–73. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527756
Martín A, Sierra MP, González JL, Arévalo MA. Identification of allergens responsible for canine cutaneous adverse food reactions to lamb, beef and cow’s milk. Veterinary Dermatology. 2004;15(6):349–56. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15585009
Leistra M, Willemse T. Double-blind evaluation of two commercial hypoallergenic diets in cats with adverse food reactions. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery [Internet]. 2002 Dec;4(4):185–8. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12468310.
Singh SK, Dimri U, Saxena SK, Jadhav RK. Therapeutic management of canine atopic dermatitis by combination of pentoxifylline and PUFAs: Treatment of CAD with pentoxifylline and PUFAs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics [Internet]. 2010 Oct [cited 2015 Mar 10];33(5):495–8. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01146.x
Olivry T, Kurata K, Paps JS, Masuda K. A blinded randomized controlled trial evaluating the usefulness of a novel diet (aminoprotect care) in dogs with spontaneous food allergy. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science [Internet]. 2007 Oct;69(10):1025–31. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17984589.
Loeffler A, Soares-Magalhaes R, Bond R, Lloyd DH. A retrospective analysis of case series using home-prepared and chicken hydrolysate diets in the diagnosis of adverse food reactions in 181 pruritic dogs. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 2006 Aug;17(4):273–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16827671.
Tapp T, Griffin C, Rosenkrantz W, Muse R, Boord M. Comparison of a commercial limited-antigen diet versus home-prepared diets in the diagnosis of canine adverse food reaction. Veterinary Therapeutics: Research in Applied Veterinary Medicine [Internet]. 2002;3(3):244–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12447831.
Loeffler A, Lloyd DH, Bond R, Kim JY, Pfeiffer DU. Dietary trials with a commercial chicken hydrolysate diet in 63 pruritic dogs. The Veterinary Record [Internet]. 2004 Apr;154(17):519–22. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15134164.
Jackson HA, Jackson MW, Coblentz L, Hammerberg B. Evaluation of the clinical and allergen specific serum immunoglobulin E responses to oral challenge with cornstarch, corn, soy and a soy hydrolysate diet in dogs with spontaneous food allergy. Veterinary Dermatology. 2003;14(4):181–7. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12895222
Taliercio E, Loveless TM, Turano MJ, Kim SW. Identification of epitopes of the β subunit of soybean β-conglycinin that are antigenic in pigs, dogs, rabbits and fish. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture [Internet]. 2014 Aug;94(11):2289–94. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24415270.
Fogel F, Manzuc P. Dermatología canina para la práctica clínica diaria. Buenos Aires: Intermédica; 2009. 560 p. http://catalogosuba.sisbi.uba.ar/vufind/Record/201603170441122879
Hall J. Diagnostic dermatology. Zinc responsive dermatosis. The Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Vétérinaire Canadienne [Internet]. 2005 Jun;46(6):555–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831602/
Gross TL, Gross TL, editors. Skin diseases of the dog and cat: clinical and histopathologic diagnosis. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Science; 2005. 932 p. http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0632064528.html
Outerbridge CA. Cutaneous manifestations of internal diseases. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice [Internet]. 2013 Jan;43(1):135–52. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182329.
McEwan NA, McNeil PE, Thompson H, McCandlish IA. Diagnostic features, confirmation and disease progression in 28 cases of lethal acrodermatitis of bull terriers. The Journal of Small Animal Practice [Internet]. 2000 Nov;41(11):501–7. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11105789.
Jezyk PF, Haskins ME, MacKay-Smith WE, Patterson DF. Lethal acrodermatitis in bull terriers. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association [Internet]. 1986 Apr;188(8):833–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3710872.
Smits B, Croft DL, Abrams-Ogg ACG. Lethal Acrodermatitis in Bull Terriers: A Problem of Defective Zinc Metabolism. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 1991 Jun [cited 2015 Nov 25];2(2):91–5. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3164.1991.tb00115.x.
Grider A, Mouat MF, Mauldin EA, Casal ML. Analysis of the liver soluble proteome from bull terriers affected with inherited lethal acrodermatitis. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism [Internet]. 2007 Nov [cited 2015 Nov 25];92(3):249–57. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1096719207002387.
PJ I, MH G. Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis in the dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 1983;182:687–90.
Bonagura JD, Kirk RW. Kirk’s current veterinary therapy 14. Philadelphia, Pa.; London: Elsevier Saunders; 2008.
Scott DW, Muller GH, Kirk RW, Miller WH, Griffin CE. Muller & Kirk’s small animal dermatology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2001.
Lam ATH, Affolter VK, Outerbridge CA, Gericota B, White SD. Oral vitamin A as an adjunct treatment for canine sebaceous adenitis: Vitamin A for canine sebaceous adenitis. Veterinary Dermatology [Internet]. 2011 Aug [cited 2015 Jun 19];22(4):305–11. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2010.00944.x.
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2016-09-09
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Gonzalez Dominguez, M. S. (2016). Patologías dermatológicas de origen nutricional en los pequeños animales: una revisión. CES Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, 11(2), 82–102. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/mvz/article/view/3964
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