Factors associated with the development of tuberculosis in household contacts of patients with tuberculosis, Medellin 2015
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacteriumtuberculosis complex and it could affect any organ, the most common form isthe pulmonary tuberculosis. It is transmitted by particles produced from smear-positiveindividuals coughing, sneezing or speaking. Is currently one of the leading causesof morbidity and mortality in the region of the Americas and Colombia, becominga public health problem that threatens the progress to control it. The purpose of thisresearch is to determine the sociodemographic, environmental and clinical factorsassociated with the development of tuberculosis in household contacts of patientsdiagnosed with tuberculosis in the city of Medellin.
Methods: A quantitative study was conducted, under a observational cross-sectionaland retrospective analytical design in household contacts of patients diagnosed withtuberculosis in the period January - July 2015 epidemiological field research. They wereconsidered household contacts if residing in the same household of the case. The dependentvariable was the development of tuberculosis in contacts. A univariate analysiswas performed using frequencies and percentages. For bivariate analysis, the chi-squaretest of independence of Pearson and Fisher exact test with a level of statistical significanceless than < 0.05 was used. Prevalence ratio with confidence intervals of 95 %was calculated.
Results: 3614 household contacts of 925 TB cases are studied, with an average contactrate of 3,9 cases, were found 57 (1,6 %)contacts who developed tuberculosis, 5,6 % wererespiratory symptoms and 92,8 % were healthy contacts were found. There was statisticallysignificant association between with lack of lighting (RP: 2,3 IC: 1,2-4,4), lack ofventilation (RP: 2,2 IC: 1,3 -3,5), overcrowded housing (RP: 3,0 IC: 1,5 – 6,1), antecedent ofHIV in contacts (RP: 73,3 IC: 10,5 – 509,8), and the development of tuberculosis in householdcontacts.
Conclusions: The antecedent of HIV, the lack of lighting, lack of ventilation and overcrowdingin the residence are associated with the development of tuberculosis inhousehold contacts.
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