Evaluación clínica y radiográfica de 30 implantes dentales colocados en un servicio odontológico de posgrado.(Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of 30 Dental Implants placed in a Postgraduate Dental Service)
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo: Existen reportes de complicaciones que hacen que el implante fracase, estojustifica la evaluación permanente de los mismos. Se buscó evaluar clínica y radiográficamente los implantescolocados en un servicio odontológico de posgrado para proponer un protocolo de evaluacióny monitoreo. Materiales y método: Este estudio descriptivo evaluó 30 implantes de 16 pacientes. Losantecedentes quirúrgicos se tomaron de la historia clínica. Se valoraron criterios primarios como dolor,exudado, supuración, movilidad y profundidad del surco y criterios secundarios como los índices deplaca y de sangrado. Se analizaron radiografías peri apicales milimetradas para identificar la presenciade anormalidades y la pérdida ósea marginal. Resultados: Diecinueve implantes cumplieron con loscriterios de éxito Ahlqvist. Clínicamente, 22 implantes presentaron alguna alteración en los criterios denormalidad evaluados. En los criterios primarios se encontró presencia de signos inflamatorios en 11implantes. El índice de higiene oral registró un porcentaje de 33% de placa en 2 implantes de un mismopaciente. El índice de sangrado registró un valor de 1 en 22 implantes. No se observó movilidad en todala muestra, ni imágenes radio-lúcidas alrededor de los implantes. Conclusión: Diecinueve de los implantesanalizados registraron “éxito clínico” según los criterios de Ahlqvist. Radiográficamente 28 implantesregistraron condiciones dentro de parámetros normales. Los protocolos para evaluar los implantes debenconsiderar la historia médica y quirúrgica, criterios primarios y secundarios, la pérdida ósea marginaly la calidad del hueso alrededor del implante.
Abstract:
Introduction and objective: There are reports of complications that can cause implants to fail. Thisjustifies long term evaluation of implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically and radiographicallyimplants placed in a postgraduate dental service in order propose a protocol for evaluatingand monitoring. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study evaluated 30 implants on 16 patients.The surgical records were obtained from the patient's medical history. Primary criteria such as pain,exudate, suppuration, mobility and probing depth were assessed. Secondary criteria such as plaque andprobing depth index were also assessed. Radiological analysis was performed to identify the presence ofabnormalities and the average marginal bone loss. Results: 19 of the implants evaluated met the successcriteria by Ahlqvist et al. Clinically, 22 implants showed some changes in the criteria of abnormalityassessed in this study. Regarding the primary criteria, presence of inflammatory signs were found in 11implants. Oral hygiene index showed a rate of 8% in 4 implants in the same patient, and 33% of plaquein 2 implants in the same patient. The bleeding index showed a value of 1 in 22 implants. Mobility wasnot observed in the sample and no radiolucent images around the implants. Conclusion: Nineteen of theexamined implants were considered clinically successful according to the criteria by Ahlqvist et al. Radiographically,28 implants showed conditions within normal parameters. Protocols for evaluating dentalimplants should consider the medical and surgical history, primary and secondary criteria , marginal boneloss and bone quality around the implants.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J ProsthetDent. 1988;60:75-84.
2. Adell R, Erikson B, Lekholm U, al. e. Long-term follow- up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;54(4):347-359.
3. Creugers N, Kreulen C, Snock P, al. e. A systematic Review of single tooth restorations supported implants. J of Dent. 2000;28:209-217.
4. Naert I, Duyck J, Hosny M, Van Steenberghe D. Freestanding and tooth-implant connected prostheses un the treatment of the partial edentulous patients . Part I: An up to 15-years clinical evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2001;12(3):237-244.
5. Geng J, Tan K, Liu G. Application of finit elements analysis in implant dentistry: a review of the literatura. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(6):585-598.
6. Binon P. Evaluation of machining accuracy and consistency of selected implants standard abutments, and laboratory analogues. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8(3):162-178.
7. Balshi T, Hernandez R, Pryszlak M, Rangert B. A comparative study between one implant vs two implants replacing a single molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1996;11(3):372-378.
8. Ecker S, Wollan P. Restrospective review of 1170 endosseous implants placed in partially edentulous jaws. J Prosthet Dent. 1998;79(4):415-421.
9. Hammerle C, Glauser R. Clinical evaluation of dental implant treatment. Periodontology 2000. 2004;34:230-239.
10. Lamas-Pelayo J, Peñarrocha-Diago M, Martí Bowen E. Intraoperative complications during oral implantology. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008;13(4):239-243.
11. Bartling R, Freeman K, Kraut R. The incidence of altered sensation of the mental nerve after mandibular implant placement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57(12):1408-1412.
12. Shenoy V, Bhat S, Rodrigues S. Latrogenic complications of implant surgery. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2006;6:19-21.
13. Buser D, Weber H, Lang N. Tissue integration of non submerged implants one year results of prospective study with 100 ITI hollow cylinder and hollow scew implants . Clin Oral Implant Res. 1990;1(1):33-40.
14. Weber H, Crohin C, Fiorellini J. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2000;11(2):144-153.
15. Buser D, Weber H, Bragger U. The treatment of partially edentulous patients with ITI hollow -screw impolants pre surgical evaluation and surgical problems. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5(2):165-175.
16. Smith D, Zarb G. Criteria for success of osseointegrate dendosseous implants. J Prosthet Dent. 1989;62(5):567-572.
17. Wakoh M, Harada T, Otonari T, al. e. Reliability of linear distance measurement for dental implant length with standarized periapical radiographs. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2006;47(3):105-115.
18. Peñarrocha M, Palomar M, Sanchis J, Guarinos J, Balaguer J. Radiologic study of marginal bone loss around 108 dental implants and its relationship to smoking, implant location, and morphology. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19(6):861-867.
19. Donado Azcárate A, Peris Garcia-Patrón R, López-Qulles Martínez J, Sada García-Lomas J. Valoración radio lógica a los tres y cinco años de la pérdida y calidad ósea periimplantaria en implantes Branemark. Avances en Periodoncia Implantol. 2001;13(1):19-27.
20. Heckmann S, Schrott A, Graef F, al. e. Mandibular two implants telescopicoverdentures. 10-year clinical and radiographical results. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(5):560-569.
21. Mangano C, Mangano F, Piatelli A, Lezzi G, all. e. Prospective clinical evaluation of 1920 Morse taper connection implants: results after 4 years of functional loading. Clin Oral Imp Res. 2009;20(3):254-261.
22. Ahlqvist J, Borg K, Gunne J, Nilsson H, Olsson M, Åstrand P. Osseointegrated implants in edentulous jaws: A 2-year longitudinal study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5(2):155-163.
23. Bragger U, Buirgin W, Hammerle C, Lang N. Associations between clinical parameters assessed around implants and teeth. Clin Oral Imp Res. 1997;8(5):412-421.
24. Lindhe J. Periodontología clínica e Implantología odontológica. 4 ed: Editorial Panamericana.; 2009.
25. Chung D, Oh T, Lee J, Misch C, Wang H. Factors affecting late implant bone loss: A retrospective analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22(1):117-126.
26. Misch C. Implantología contemporánea. 3 ed: Editorial Elsevier.; 2009.
27. Lekholm U, Adell R, Branemark P, Eriksson B, Rockler B, Lindvall A, et al. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures. A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1986;15(1):53-61.
28. Lindhe J, Haffajee A, Socranky S. Progression of periodontal disease in the absense of periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodont. 1983;10(4):433-442.
29. Becker W, Becker B, Newman M, Nyman S. Clinical and microbiological findings that may contribute to dental implant failure. Int J Oral Maxillofac implants. 1990;5(1):31-38.
30. Ericsson I, Berglundh T, Marinello C, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. Long-standing plaque and gingivitis at implants and teeth in the dog. Clin Oral Imp Res. 1992;3(3):99-103.
31. Leonhardt A, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Dahlén G. Putative periodontal pathogens on titanium implants and teeth in experimental gingivitis and periodontitis in beagle dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992;3(3):112-119.
32. Steflik D, Mc kinney R, Sisk A, Parr G, Marshall B. Dental implants retrieved from humans: a diagnostic light microscopic review of the findings in seven cases of failure. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6(2):147-153.
33. Branemark P, Breine U, Adell R, Hansson B. Intraosseous anchorage of dental prosthesis. 1:experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81-100.
34. Armitage G, Svanberg G, Löe H. Microscopic evaluation of clinical measurements of connective tissue attachment levels. J Clin Periodontol. 1977;4(3):173-190.
35. Magnusson I, Listgarten M. Histological evaluation of probing depth following periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 1980;7(1):26-31.
36. Lekholm U, Eriksson A, Adell R, Slots J. The conditions of the soft tissues at tooth and fixture abutments supporting fixed bridges. A microbiological and histological study. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13(6):558-562.
37. Lang N, Wetzel A, Stich H, Caffesse R. Histologic probe penetration in healthy and inflamed periimplant tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994;5(4):191-201.
38. Jepsen S, Rühling A, Jepsen K, Ohlenbusch B, Albers H-K. Progressive peri-implantitis. Incidence and prediction of peri-implant attachment loss. Clin Oral Impl Res. 1996;7(2):133-142.
39. Liskmann S, Vihalemm T, Salum O, Zilmer K, Fischer K, Zilmer M. Characterization of the antioxidant profile of human saliva in peri-implant health and disease. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2007;18(1):27-33.
40. Quyrinen M, Gijbels F, Jacobs R. An infected jawbone site compromisisng succeful osseo integration Periodontol 2000. 2003;33:129-144.
41. Carrio C, Balaguer J, Peñarrocha D, Peñarrocha M. Irritative and sensory disturbance in oral implantology. Literature review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16(7):1043-1046.
42. Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. Oral implant surfaces: Part 2. Review focusing on clinical knowledge of different surfaces. Int J Prosthodont. 2004;17:544-564.
43. Buser D, Nydegger T, Hirt H, Cochran D, Nolte L. Removal torque values of titanium implants in
the maxilla of miniature pigs. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1998;13:611-619.
44. Nedir R, Bischof M, Vazquez L, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard J. Osteotome sinus floor elevation without grafting material: a 1-year prospective pilot study with ITI implants. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2006;17:679-686.
45. Bischof M, Nedir R, Szmukler-Moncler S, Bernard J, Samson J. Implant stability measurement of delayed and immediately loaded implants during healing. A clinical resonance-frequency analysis study with sandblasted-and-etched ITI implants. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2004;15:529-539.
46. Protivínský J, Appleford M, Strnad J, Helebrant A, Ong J. Effect of chemically modified titanium
surfaces on protein adsorption and osteoblast precursor cell behaviour. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2007;22:542-550.
47. Lee D, Choi Y, Park K, Kim C, Moon I. Effect of microthread on the maintenance of marginal bone level: a 3-year prospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18:465-470.
48. Hürzeler M, Fickl S, Zuhr O, Wachtel H. Peri-implant bone level around implants with platform-
switched abutments: preliminary data from a prospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;65:33-39. Erratum in: J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66:2195-2196.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
