Atuação do Interferon-tau no reconhecimento materno da gestação
Resumen
O reconhecimento materno da gestação é o processo pelo qual o concepto sinaliza sua presença à unidade materna, prolongando a vida do corpo lúteo (CL), determinando a manutenção da gestação. Esse processo que ocorre entre os dias 15 e 19 pós-fertilização, representa o desafio biológico mais importante para a obtenção de índices reprodutivos satisfatórios em bovinos. Nesta espécie, uma glicoproteína denominada Interferon-tau (IFN-τ), secretada pelo concepto no ambiente uterino, age de forma parácrina inibindo a expressão dos receptores de estrógenos (ESR1) e de ocitocina (OXTR) no endométrio, evitando a liberação de pulsos luteolíticos de prostaglandina F2 alfa (PGF2α), hormônio responsável pelo início da luteólise. O IFN-τ também aumenta a expressão de vários genes estimulados por interferons (ISGs) no útero, CL e em células sanguíneas. A ação endócrina direta do IFN-τ em tecidos extrauterinos estimula a expressão de ISGs, que no CL, parecem estar envolvidos com a resistência luteal à ação luteolítica da PGF2α. Portanto, esta revisão tem como objetivo discutir os achados recentes sobre o mecanismo de luteólise na espécie bovina, e a atuação parácrina e principalmente endócrina do IFN-τ, durante o período de reconhecimento materno da gestação.
Role of interferon-tau in the maternal recognition of pregnancy
Maternal recognition of pregnancy is a process by which the conceptus signals its presence to the mother in order to prolong the life of the corpus luteum (CL) thus maintaining the pregnancy. This process occurs between days 15 and 19 after fertilization and is the most important biological challenge for obtaining satisfactory reproductive indices in bovine. Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) glycoprotein -secreted in the uterus by the conceptus- has a paracrine action
inhibiting the expression of estrogen receptors (ESR1) and oxytocin (OXTR) in the endometrium, thus preventing the release of luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), hormone responsible for the onset of luteolysis. IFN-τ also increases the expression of several interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the uterus, CL, and blood cells. Direct endocrine action of IFN-τ on extrauterine tissues stimulates ISGs expression, which in the corpus luteum seems to be involved with luteal resistance to luteolytic action of PGF2α. This review discusses recent findings on
the luteolysis mechanism in the bovine and endocrine and paracrine mechanisms such as IFN-τ during the maternal
recognition of pregnancy.
Papel del interferón tau en el reconocimiento materno de la gestación
El reconocimiento materno de la gestación es un proceso mediante el cual el concepto señaliza su presencia a la madre, prolongando la vida del cuerpo lúteo (CL), determinando el mantenimiento de la gestación. Este proceso que ocurre entre los días 15 y 19 después de la fertilización, representa el desafio biológico más importante para la obtención de índices reproductivos satisfactorios en bovinos. En esta especie, una glicoproteína denominada Interferon-tau (IFN-τ), es secretada por el concepto en el ambiente uterino, actúa de forma parácrina inhibiendo la expresión de los receptores de estrógenos (ESR1) y de oxitocina (OXTR) en el endometrio evitando la liberación de pulsos luteoliticos de prostaglandina F2 alfa (PGF2α), hormona responsable por el inicio de la luteólisis. El IFN-τ también aumenta la expresión de varios genes estimulados por interferon (ISGs) en el útero, CL y en las células sanguíneas. La acción endocrina directa del IFN-τ en tejidos extrauterinos estimula la expresión de ISGs, que en el cuerpo lúteo parece estar involucrados con la resistencia luteal a la acción luteolitica de la PGF2α. Por lo tanto esta revisión tiene como objetivo discutir los hallazgos recientes sobre el mecanismo de luteólisis en la especie bovina, así como el mecanismo paracrino y principalmente endocrino del IFN-τ durante el período de reconocimiento materno de la gestación.
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