Espasticidad como signo positivo de daño de motoneurona superior y su importancia en rehabilitación

Autores/as

  • Paulina Sepúlveda Universidad de La Frontera
  • José Luis Bacco Instituto Teletón Valparaíso
  • Alejandro Cubillos Instituto Teletón Santiago
  • Arlette Doussoulin Universidad de La Frontera

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmedicina.32.3.7

Resumen

Introducción: la espasticidad, como signo clínico de daño de motoneurona superior, cobra gran importancia al momento de definir su impacto en el proceso rehabilitador. Los objetivos de esta revisión bibliográfica son: analizar la evolución de la espasticidad como concepto, describir los hallazgos actuales en relación con su fisiopatología y analizar su importancia en el proceso rehabilitador.

Métodos: búsqueda bibliográfica durante el segundo semestre del 2017 en bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane y Google Académico, utilizando los términos MeSH: muscle spasticity, physiopathology y stroke. Los límites de búsqueda fueron: textos completos en idioma inglés y español, en humanos y publicados durante los últimos cinco años.

Resultados: la fisiopatología de la espasticidad no es causada por un solo mecanismo, sino más bien una intrincada cadena de alteraciones en diferentes redes nerviosas interdependientes. Existiendo dos mecanismos principales: la alteración del control espinal y suprasegmentario y los cambios en las propiedades del sistema músculo-esquelético.

Conclusión: la evidencia científica es amplia y aborda el concepto de espasticidad, sus implicancias fisiopatológicas y clínicas. Sin embargo, futuras investigaciones deberían orientar y apoyar las decisiones del equipo rehabilitador, en relación con el manejo clínico.

DOI: 10.21615/cesmedicina.32.3.7

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Biografía del autor/a

Paulina Sepúlveda, Universidad de La Frontera

Académico
Dpto. Ciencias Preclínicas
Facultad de Medicina

José Luis Bacco, Instituto Teletón Valparaíso

Médico Fisiatra Instituto Teletón Valparaíso

Alejandro Cubillos, Instituto Teletón Santiago

Médico Neurocirujano Instituto Teletón Santiago

Arlette Doussoulin, Universidad de La Frontera

Kinesiólogo, Magister en Motricidad Humana, PhD En Ciencias de la Motricidad Humana, Académico Departamento de Pediatría y Cirugía Infantil, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile

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Publicado

13-08-2018

Cómo citar

Sepúlveda, P., Bacco, J. L., Cubillos, A., & Doussoulin, A. (2018). Espasticidad como signo positivo de daño de motoneurona superior y su importancia en rehabilitación. CES Medicina, 32(3), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesmedicina.32.3.7

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