Coccidioidomycosis: skin manifestations and hypersensitivity syndromes
Resumen
Coccidioidomycosis is caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii fungi, which are endemic in certain locations in the American continent. They produce an asymptomatic infection in the majority of the exposed population, and in a lower proportion, a self-limited influenza-like illness, pneumonia or dissemination. Skin compromise could be secondary to the infection by the fungus or by a hypersensitivity reaction to the pulmonary infection. Primary skin compromise produces a chancriform, self-limited lesion, and the dissemination to the skin commonly produces nodules and abscesses, with a tendency to form fistulas. The most common hypersensitivity reaction is erythema nodosum, which is considered a marker of good prognosis. Treatment depends on the localization of the infection, the presence of dissemination, and the clinical conditions of the patient.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Referencias bibliográficas
Murray PR. Medical microbiology. 7th Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders; 2013. 874 p. https://evolve.elsevier.com/cs/product/9780323086929?role=student
Bonifaz Trujillo JA. Micología médica básica [Internet]. 2012 [citado 19 de septiembre de 2014]. Recuperado a partir de: http://site.ebrary.com/id/10757986
Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Rendon A, Gonzalez G, Bonifaz A. Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Dermatol. 2012; 30(6):573-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23068145
Filho D, De A. Chapter 2: coccidioidomycosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2009;35(9):920-30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19820819
Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis: a review of recent advances. Clin Chest Med. 2009; 30(2):241-51, v. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375631
Nguyen C, Barker BM, Hoover S, Nix DE, Ampel NM, Frelinger JA, et al. Recent advances in our understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, immunological, and clinical dimensions of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(3):505-25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824371
Murray JF, Mason RJ, editores. Murray and Nadel’s textbook of respiratory medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; 2010. 2 p. http://medishared.org/thread-261.html
Colombo AL, Tobón A, Restrepo A, Queiroz-Telles F, Nucci M. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011;49(8):785-98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539506
Vélez A, Robledo M, Builes M, Tobón AM, Gómez CI, Upegui JJ, et al. El caso de infecciosas coccidioidomicosis pulmonar informe de un caso autóctono. Med UPB. 1997;16(2):141-7. https://revistas.upb.edu.co/index.php/Medicina/article/view/1175
Jesus Godoy AC. Coccidioidomicosis sistemica: informe de un caso en Colombia. Acta Medica Colomb. 1990;(4):208-211. http://www.actamedicacolombiana.com/anexo/articulos/04-1990-07.pdf
McCarty JM, Demetral LC, Dabrowski L, Kahal AK, Bowser AM, Hahn JE. Pediatric coccidioidomycosis in central California: a retrospective case series. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2013; 56(11):1579-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463637
Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, Ampel NM, Bennett JE, Catanzaro A, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183(1):96-128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193785
Bercovitch RS, Catanzaro A, Schwartz BS, Pappagianis D, Watts DH, Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy: a review and recommendations for management. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011; 53(4):363-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810749
Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis in persons infected with HIV type 1. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005; 41(8):1174-8. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/8/1174.long
Bayer AS. Fungal pneumonias; pulmonary coccidioidal syndromes (Part I). Primary and progressive primary coccidioidal pneumonias -- diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations. Chest. 1981; 79(5):575-83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7014124?dopt=Abstract
DiCaudo DJ. Coccidioidomycosis: A review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(6):929-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110216
Magill AJ, editor. Hunter’s tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases. Ninth edition. London: Saunders/Elsevier; 2013. 1190 p. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781416043904
Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, Catanzaro A, Johnson RH, Stevens DA, et al. Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005; 41(9):1217-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206093
Aviles-Salas A, Quintero-Cuadra Y, Cornejo-Juárez P. Coccidioidomicosis extrapulmonar: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura. Rev Chil Infectol. 2007; 24(5):398-401. http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rci/v24n5/art09.pdf
Adam RD, Elliott SP, Taljanovic MS. The spectrum and presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med. 2009; 122(8):770-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635278
Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2006; 42(1):103-7. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/1/103.full
Arsura EL, Kilgore WB, Caldwell JW, Freeman JC, Einstein HE, Johnson RH. Association between facial cutaneous coccidioidomycosis and meningitis. West J Med. 1998; 169(1):13-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9682625
Blair JE. State-of-the-art treatment of coccidioidomycosis skeletal infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1111:422-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395727
Crum-Cianflone NF, Truett AA, Teneza-Mora N, Maves RC, Chun HM, Bavaro MF, et al. Unusual presentations of coccidioidomycosis: a case series and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2006; 85(5):263-77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16974211
Blair JE. State-of-the-art treatment of coccidioidomycosis: skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1111:411-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332079
Chang A, Tung RC, McGillis TS, Bergfeld WF, Taylor JS. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49(5):944-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576689
Ondo AL, Zlotoff BJ, Mings SM, Rochester LC, Shanler SD. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis: an incidental finding. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35(3):e42-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20500173
Gildardo JM, Leobardo VA, Nora MO, Jorge OC. Primary cutaneous coccidiodomycosis: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(2):121-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16445500
García OCR, Treviño MGM, Salazar FG, Alanis JCS. Coccidioidomicosis cutánea primaria en infante. Gac Médica México. 2014; 150(2):175-6. http://www.anmm.org.mx/GMM/2014/n2/GMM_150_2014_2_175-176.pdf
Wilson JW, Smith CE, Plunkett OA. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis; the criteria for diagnosis and a report of a case. Calif Med. 1953; 79(3):233-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13082426
Quimby SR, Connolly SM, Winkelmann RK, Smilack JD. Clinicopathologic spectrum of specific cutaneous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992; 26(1):79-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1732341
Deus Filho A de, Deus ACB de, Meneses A de O, Soares AS, Lira AL de A. [Skin and mucous membrane manifestations of coccidioidomycosis: a study of thirty cases in the Brazilian states of Piauí and Maranhão]. An Bras Dermatol. 2010; 85(1):45-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20464086
Braverman IM. Protective effects of erythema nodosum in coccidioidomycosis. Lancet. 1999; 353(9148):168. http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736 (05)77213-5.pdf
Smith CE. Epidemiology of Acute Coccidioidomycosis with Erythema Nodosum («San Joaquin» or «Valley Fever»). Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1940;30(6):600.
Mayer APF, Julia A.Biria, Nazila. There Is a Fungus...Among Us. J Womens Health 15409996. 2012;21(7):798-9.
Arsura EL, Kilgore WB, Ratnayake SN. Erythema nodosum in pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1998; 27(5):1201-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827269
Kormos WA, Wu CC, Branda JA, Piris A. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 35-2010. A 56-year-old man with cough, hypoxemia, and rash. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(21):2046-54. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe030079
DiCaudo DJ, Yiannias JA, Laman SD, Warschaw KE. The exanthem of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: Clinical and histopathologic features of 3 cases and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 1 de junio de 2006; 142(6):744-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785377
Blackwood CL. Rash and fever in an ill-appearing child. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 70(2):361-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15291095
DiCaudo DJ, Ortiz KJ, Mengden SJ, Lim KK. Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) associated with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Arch Dermatol. 2005; 141(7):881-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027305
DiCaudo DJ, Connolly SM. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(6):840-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11712027
White FN, Zedek DC, Collins DL, Boswell JS. Granuloma annulare arising in association with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Dermatol Online J. 2012; 18(3):7. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/30w9846n
Carrada-Bravo T. Los métodos de laboratorio en el diagnóstico de la coccidioidomicosis. Rev Chil Infectol Órgano Of Soc Chil Infectol. 2014;31(3):293-7. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182014000300007
Saubolle MA. Laboratory aspects in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1111:301-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363434
Nelson S, Vytopil M. Recurrence of coccidioidal meningitis after discontinuation of fluconazole. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(12):1586. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322515
Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Higgs J, Friedman BA, Larsen RA, et al. Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119(1):28-35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8498760
Catanzaro A, Galgiani JN, Levine BE, Sharkey-Mathis PK, Fierer J, Stevens DA, et al. Fluconazole in the treatment of chronic pulmonary and nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am J Med. 1995; 98(3):249-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7872341
Dewsnup DH, Galgiani JN, Graybill JR, Diaz M, Rendon A, Cloud GA, et al. Is it ever safe to stop azole therapy for Coccidioides immitis meningitis? Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124(3):305-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8554225
Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Johnson RH, Williams PL, Mirels LF, et al. Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133(9):676-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11074900
Treatment of skin disease. Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies Lebwohl, Lebwohl,. Oxford: Saunders; 2013.
Kim MM, Vikram HR, Kusne S, Seville MT, Blair JE. Treatment of refractory coccidioidomycosis with voriconazole or posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011; 53(11):1060-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045955
Bonifaz Trujillo JA. Micología médica básica [Internet]. 2012 [citado 19 de septiembre de 2014]. Recuperado a partir de: http://site.ebrary.com/id/10757986
Welsh O, Vera-Cabrera L, Rendon A, Gonzalez G, Bonifaz A. Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Dermatol. 2012; 30(6):573-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23068145
Filho D, De A. Chapter 2: coccidioidomycosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2009;35(9):920-30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19820819
Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis: a review of recent advances. Clin Chest Med. 2009; 30(2):241-51, v. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19375631
Nguyen C, Barker BM, Hoover S, Nix DE, Ampel NM, Frelinger JA, et al. Recent advances in our understanding of the environmental, epidemiological, immunological, and clinical dimensions of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(3):505-25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23824371
Murray JF, Mason RJ, editores. Murray and Nadel’s textbook of respiratory medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders/Elsevier; 2010. 2 p. http://medishared.org/thread-261.html
Colombo AL, Tobón A, Restrepo A, Queiroz-Telles F, Nucci M. Epidemiology of endemic systemic fungal infections in Latin America. Med Mycol. 2011;49(8):785-98. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21539506
Vélez A, Robledo M, Builes M, Tobón AM, Gómez CI, Upegui JJ, et al. El caso de infecciosas coccidioidomicosis pulmonar informe de un caso autóctono. Med UPB. 1997;16(2):141-7. https://revistas.upb.edu.co/index.php/Medicina/article/view/1175
Jesus Godoy AC. Coccidioidomicosis sistemica: informe de un caso en Colombia. Acta Medica Colomb. 1990;(4):208-211. http://www.actamedicacolombiana.com/anexo/articulos/04-1990-07.pdf
McCarty JM, Demetral LC, Dabrowski L, Kahal AK, Bowser AM, Hahn JE. Pediatric coccidioidomycosis in central California: a retrospective case series. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2013; 56(11):1579-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463637
Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, Ampel NM, Bennett JE, Catanzaro A, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: Treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183(1):96-128. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21193785
Bercovitch RS, Catanzaro A, Schwartz BS, Pappagianis D, Watts DH, Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis during pregnancy: a review and recommendations for management. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011; 53(4):363-8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810749
Ampel NM. Coccidioidomycosis in persons infected with HIV type 1. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005; 41(8):1174-8. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/41/8/1174.long
Bayer AS. Fungal pneumonias; pulmonary coccidioidal syndromes (Part I). Primary and progressive primary coccidioidal pneumonias -- diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic considerations. Chest. 1981; 79(5):575-83. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7014124?dopt=Abstract
DiCaudo DJ. Coccidioidomycosis: A review and update. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(6):929-42. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17110216
Magill AJ, editor. Hunter’s tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases. Ninth edition. London: Saunders/Elsevier; 2013. 1190 p. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9781416043904
Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, Catanzaro A, Johnson RH, Stevens DA, et al. Coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2005; 41(9):1217-23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16206093
Aviles-Salas A, Quintero-Cuadra Y, Cornejo-Juárez P. Coccidioidomicosis extrapulmonar: Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura. Rev Chil Infectol. 2007; 24(5):398-401. http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/rci/v24n5/art09.pdf
Adam RD, Elliott SP, Taljanovic MS. The spectrum and presentation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. Am J Med. 2009; 122(8):770-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19635278
Johnson RH, Einstein HE. Coccidioidal meningitis. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2006; 42(1):103-7. http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/1/103.full
Arsura EL, Kilgore WB, Caldwell JW, Freeman JC, Einstein HE, Johnson RH. Association between facial cutaneous coccidioidomycosis and meningitis. West J Med. 1998; 169(1):13-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9682625
Blair JE. State-of-the-art treatment of coccidioidomycosis skeletal infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1111:422-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17395727
Crum-Cianflone NF, Truett AA, Teneza-Mora N, Maves RC, Chun HM, Bavaro MF, et al. Unusual presentations of coccidioidomycosis: a case series and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2006; 85(5):263-77. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16974211
Blair JE. State-of-the-art treatment of coccidioidomycosis: skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007; 1111:411-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332079
Chang A, Tung RC, McGillis TS, Bergfeld WF, Taylor JS. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49(5):944-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576689
Ondo AL, Zlotoff BJ, Mings SM, Rochester LC, Shanler SD. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis: an incidental finding. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2010;35(3):e42-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20500173
Gildardo JM, Leobardo VA, Nora MO, Jorge OC. Primary cutaneous coccidiodomycosis: case report and review of the literature. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(2):121-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16445500
García OCR, Treviño MGM, Salazar FG, Alanis JCS. Coccidioidomicosis cutánea primaria en infante. Gac Médica México. 2014; 150(2):175-6. http://www.anmm.org.mx/GMM/2014/n2/GMM_150_2014_2_175-176.pdf
Wilson JW, Smith CE, Plunkett OA. Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis; the criteria for diagnosis and a report of a case. Calif Med. 1953; 79(3):233-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13082426
Quimby SR, Connolly SM, Winkelmann RK, Smilack JD. Clinicopathologic spectrum of specific cutaneous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992; 26(1):79-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1732341
Deus Filho A de, Deus ACB de, Meneses A de O, Soares AS, Lira AL de A. [Skin and mucous membrane manifestations of coccidioidomycosis: a study of thirty cases in the Brazilian states of Piauí and Maranhão]. An Bras Dermatol. 2010; 85(1):45-51. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20464086
Braverman IM. Protective effects of erythema nodosum in coccidioidomycosis. Lancet. 1999; 353(9148):168. http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736 (05)77213-5.pdf
Smith CE. Epidemiology of Acute Coccidioidomycosis with Erythema Nodosum («San Joaquin» or «Valley Fever»). Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1940;30(6):600.
Mayer APF, Julia A.Biria, Nazila. There Is a Fungus...Among Us. J Womens Health 15409996. 2012;21(7):798-9.
Arsura EL, Kilgore WB, Ratnayake SN. Erythema nodosum in pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 1998; 27(5):1201-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827269
Kormos WA, Wu CC, Branda JA, Piris A. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 35-2010. A 56-year-old man with cough, hypoxemia, and rash. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(21):2046-54. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe030079
DiCaudo DJ, Yiannias JA, Laman SD, Warschaw KE. The exanthem of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: Clinical and histopathologic features of 3 cases and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 1 de junio de 2006; 142(6):744-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16785377
Blackwood CL. Rash and fever in an ill-appearing child. Am Fam Physician. 2004; 70(2):361-3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15291095
DiCaudo DJ, Ortiz KJ, Mengden SJ, Lim KK. Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) associated with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Arch Dermatol. 2005; 141(7):881-4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16027305
DiCaudo DJ, Connolly SM. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis associated with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(6):840-5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11712027
White FN, Zedek DC, Collins DL, Boswell JS. Granuloma annulare arising in association with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. Dermatol Online J. 2012; 18(3):7. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/30w9846n
Carrada-Bravo T. Los métodos de laboratorio en el diagnóstico de la coccidioidomicosis. Rev Chil Infectol Órgano Of Soc Chil Infectol. 2014;31(3):293-7. http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182014000300007
Saubolle MA. Laboratory aspects in the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1111:301-14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363434
Nelson S, Vytopil M. Recurrence of coccidioidal meningitis after discontinuation of fluconazole. JAMA Neurol. 2013;70(12):1586. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24322515
Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Higgs J, Friedman BA, Larsen RA, et al. Fluconazole therapy for coccidioidal meningitis. The NIAID-Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119(1):28-35. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8498760
Catanzaro A, Galgiani JN, Levine BE, Sharkey-Mathis PK, Fierer J, Stevens DA, et al. Fluconazole in the treatment of chronic pulmonary and nonmeningeal disseminated coccidioidomycosis. NIAID Mycoses Study Group. Am J Med. 1995; 98(3):249-56. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7872341
Dewsnup DH, Galgiani JN, Graybill JR, Diaz M, Rendon A, Cloud GA, et al. Is it ever safe to stop azole therapy for Coccidioides immitis meningitis? Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124(3):305-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8554225
Galgiani JN, Catanzaro A, Cloud GA, Johnson RH, Williams PL, Mirels LF, et al. Comparison of oral fluconazole and itraconazole for progressive, nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis. A randomized, double-blind trial. Mycoses Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133(9):676-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11074900
Treatment of skin disease. Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies Lebwohl, Lebwohl,. Oxford: Saunders; 2013.
Kim MM, Vikram HR, Kusne S, Seville MT, Blair JE. Treatment of refractory coccidioidomycosis with voriconazole or posaconazole. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2011; 53(11):1060-6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045955
Descargas
Publicado
30-11-2016
Cómo citar
Mejia, M., & Cardona Castro, N. (2016). Coccidioidomycosis: skin manifestations and hypersensitivity syndromes. CES Medicina, 30(2), 188–199. Recuperado a partir de https://revistas.ces.edu.co/index.php/medicina/article/view/3217
Número
Sección
Revisión de tema
Licencia
Derechos de reproducción (copyright)
Cada manuscrito se acompañará de una declaración en la que se especifique que los materiales son inéditos, que no han sido publicados anteriormente en formato impreso o electrónico y que no se presentarán a ningún otro medio antes de conocer la decisión de la revista. En todo caso, cualquier publicación anterior, sea en forma impresa o electrónica, deberá darse a conocer a la redacción por escrito.
Plagios, duplicaciones totales o parciales, traduccones del original a otro idioma son de responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores el envío.
Los autores adjuntarán una declaración firmada indicando que, si el manuscrito se acepta para su publicación, los derechos de reproducción son propiedad exclusiva de la Revista CES Medicina.
Se solicita a los autores que proporcionen la información completa acerca de cualquier beca o subvención recibida de una entidad comercial u otro grupo con intereses privados, u otro organismo, para costear parcial o totalmente el trabajo en que se basa el artículo.
Los autores tienen la responsabilidad de obtener los permisos necesarios para reproducir cualquier material protegido por derechos de reproducción. El manuscrito se acompañará de la carta original que otorgue ese permiso y en ella debe especificarse con exactitud el número del cuadro o figura o el texto exacto que se citará y cómo se usará, así como la referencia bibliográfica completa.
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
